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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Laboratory Chemicals, Supplies and Equipment > Flashcards

Laboratory Chemicals, Supplies and Equipment Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of Clinical Laboratory

A

To facilitate the correct performance of procedures that yield accurate and precise information, aiding in the patient’s diagnosis and treatment.

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2
Q

Role of Clinical Laboratory Scientist

A

To correctly use supplies and equipments and have an understanding of the fundamental concepts critical to any procedures.

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3
Q

2 Components of Quantitative Laboratory Result

A
  1. Actual value
  2. Unit
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4
Q

The ____ defines the physical quantity or dimension (ex. mass, length, time, or volume).

A

unit

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5
Q

The ____ was adopted internationally in 1960, and is preferred in scientific literature and clinical laboratories.

A

Systeme International d’Unites (SI)

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6
Q

Systeme International d’Unites (SI) was adopted internationally in ____.

A

1960

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7
Q

Systeme International d’Unites (SI) is based on the ____.

A

metric system

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8
Q

How many base quantities are there in SI units?

A

7

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9
Q

Base quantities

A
  • Length (m)
  • Mass (kg)
  • Time (s)
  • Electric current (A)
  • Thermodynamic temperature (K)
  • Amount of substance (mol)
  • Luminous intensity (cd)
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10
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Length

A

Meter (m)

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11
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

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12
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Time

A

Seconds (s)

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13
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Electric current

A

Ampere (A)

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14
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Thermodynamic temperature

A

Kelvin (K)

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15
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Amount of substance

A

Moles (mol)

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16
Q

Give the name and symbol of the base quantity

Luminous intensity

A

Candela (cd)

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17
Q

____ exist in varying grades of purity.

A

Analytical Chemicals

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18
Q

Analytical Chemicals exist in varying ____.

A

grades of purity

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19
Q

Analytical Chemicals

A
  • Analytical reagent (AR)
  • Ultrapure (UP)
  • Chemically pure (CP)
  • United States of Pharmacopeia (USP)
  • National Formulary (NF)
  • Technical or Commercial grade
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20
Q

Organic Reagents

A
  • Practical grade
  • Chemically pure
  • Spectroscopic
  • Chromatographic
  • Reagent grade
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21
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Established by the American Chemical Society (ACS)

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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22
Q

Analytical Reagent (AR) grade is established by ____.

A

American Chemical Society (ACS)

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23
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Labels on reagents state either the:
* actual impurities
* maximum allowable impurities
* % of impurities
* ACS inital
* For laboratory use
* ACS standard grade reference materials

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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24
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Suitable for use in most analytical laboratory procedures

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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25
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, and for accuracy.

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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26
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used for trace metal analysis

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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27
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used in the preparation of standard solutions

A

Analytical Reagent (AR)

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28
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

These are reagents that have been put through an extra step or additional purification step

A

Ultrapure (UP)

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29
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used in specific procedures such as:
* Chromatography
* Atomic Absorption
* Immunoassays
* Molecular diagnostics
* Standardization
* Other techniques that require extremely pure chemicals

A

Ultrapure (UP)

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30
Q

Ultrapure (UP) reagents are used in the following procedures such as ____.

A
  • Chromatography
  • Atomic Absorption
  • Immunoassays
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Standardization
  • Other techniques that require extremely pure chemicals
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31
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used to manufacture drugs

A
  • United States of Pharmacopeia (USP)
  • National Formulary (NF)
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32
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Limitations established for this group of chemicals are based only on the criterion of not being injurious to individuals.

A
  • United States of Pharmacopeia (USP)
  • National Formulary (NF)
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33
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Approved for human consumption

A
  • United States of Pharmacopeia (USP)
  • National Formulary (NF)
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34
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Pure enough for use in most chemical laboratories, however, purity standards are not based on the needs of the laboratory.

A
  • United States of Pharmacopeia (USP)
  • National Formulary (NF)
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35
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

The impurity limitations are not stated

A

Chemically Pure (CP)

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36
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Preparation of these chemicals are not uniform

A

Chemically Pure (CP)

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37
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Purity is delivered by measurement of the melting point or boiling point

A

Chemically Pure (CP)

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38
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Not recommended for reagent preparation unless further purification step or a reagent blank is included.

A

Chemically Pure (CP)

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39
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Used in manufacturing

A

Technical or Commercial Grade

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40
Q

Identify which Analytical Chemical is being described

Should never be used in the clinical laboratory

A

Technical or Commercial Grade

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41
Q

Reference Materials

A
  • Primary Standard
  • Secondary Stadard
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42
Q

These are highly purified chemicals measured directly to give an exact concentration of purity which can be use for comparison.

A

Primary Standard

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43
Q

The ____ are used instead of ACS primary standard materials.

A

National Institute of Standards and Technology-certified Standard Reference Materials/Certified Reference Materials (NIST SRMs)

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44
Q

A substance of lower purity with concentration that is determined by comparison with the primary standard.

A

Secondary Standard

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45
Q

Categories of Water

A
  • Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water (CLRW)
  • Special Reagent Water (SRW)
  • Instrument Feed Water
  • Water supplied by method manufacturer
  • Autoclave and wash water
  • Commercially bottled purified water
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46
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Used for test method requiring minimum interference such as trace metal, iron, and enzyme analysis.

A

Type I

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47
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Used for procedures needing maximum water purity

A

Type I

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48
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Consumed immediately after it is produced

A

Type I

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49
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Acceptable for most analytic requirements, including reagent, quality control, and standard precaution.

A

Type II

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50
Q

Determine which type of water purity

For qualitative chemistry procedures and for most procedures done in hematology, immunology, microbiology, etc.

A

Type II

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51
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Glassware washing but not for reagent preparation

A

Type III

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52
Q

Determine which type of water purity

Used in urinalysis

A

Type III

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53
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Usually a low borosilicate glass with low alkali content

A

High Thermal Resistant or Borosilicate Glass

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54
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Resistant to high temperature, heat corrosion or thermal shock

A

High Thermal Resistant or Borosilicate Glass

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55
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Used when heating or sterilization

A

High Thermal Resistant or Borosilicate Glass

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56
Q

Most common borosilicate glasses

A
  • Beakers
  • Flasks
  • Pipettes
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57
Q

Kimax and Pyrex are examples of ____.

A

High Thermal Resistant or Borosilicate Glass

58
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Made by removing all the elements from borosilicate glass

A

High Silica Glass

59
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Has good optical qualities, temperature capabilities, and radiation resistant.

A

High Silica Glass

60
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Used in cuvettes and thermometers

A

High Silica Glass

61
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Used for high precision analytical work and for optical reflectors and mirrors.

A

High Silica Glass

62
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Not used for the type of glassware generally used in the laboratory

A

High Silica Glass

63
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Partially used for strong alkali solution

A

High Alkali Resistant Glass

64
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Often referred as “soft glass” for its thermal resistance is much less than of borosilicate glasses.

A

High Alkali Resistant Glass

65
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Has materials that usually impart red color to the glass that reduce the amount of light passing through the substance inside the glassware.

A

Low Actinic Glass

66
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Used for substances that are particularly sensitive to light such as bilirubin and Vitamin A

A

Low Actinic Glass

67
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Used to manufacture weighting bottles because it develops less static surface changes.

A

Standard Flint Glass or Soda-Lime Glass

68
Q

Identify which kind of glassware

Composed of a mixture of the oxides of silicon, calcium, and sodium

A

Standard Flint Glass or Soda-Lime Glass

69
Q

Glassware

A
  • High Thermal Resistant or Borosilicate Glass
  • High Silica Glass
  • High Alkali Resistant Glass
  • Low Actinic Glass
  • Standard Flint or Soda-Lime Glass
70
Q

____ is used in light fitters, lamp bulbs, and lightning lenses.

A

Colored and Opal Glasses

71
Q

____ have thin metallic oxide, permanently fine-bonded to the surface of the glass.

A

Coated Glassware

72
Q

____ are mostly soda-limed, lead, and borosilicate of high optical purity.

A

Optical Glasses

73
Q

____ have high thermal resistance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance like borosilicate glasses.

A

Glass Ceramics (Pyroceram)

74
Q

____ is useful in preventing transmission of huge energy radiation.

A

Radiation-Absorbing Glasses

75
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

A unique group of resins with relatively inert properties.

A

Polyolefins

76
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Unaffected by acids, alkali, salt solutions, and aqueous solutions

A

Polyolefins

77
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Can be autoclaved

A

Polyolefins

78
Q

Two Kinds of Polyolefin

A
  • Polypropylene
  • Polyethylene
79
Q

Identify which kind of Polyolefin

More vulnerable to attack by oxidizing agent

A

Polypropylene

80
Q

Identify which kind of Polyolefin

Can withstand higher temperature

A

Polypropylene

81
Q

Identify which kind of Polyolefin

Used primarily to fabricate bottles, jars, beakers, funnel, pipette connectors, and tubing.

A

Polyethylene

82
Q

Identify which kind of Polyolefin

Has two kinds: Coventional and Linear

A

Polyoethylene

83
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Twice as strong as polypropylene and maybe used at temperatures ranging from 100 C - 160 C.

A

Polycarbonate Resin

84
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Unsuitable for use with bases such as amines, ammonia, alkaline and oxidizing agents.

A

Polycarbonate Resin

85
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Dissolved by chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

A

Polycarbonate Resin

86
Q

Polycarbonate resin can be dissolved by ____.

A

Chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

87
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Used extensively in centrifuge tubes and graduated cylinders

A

Polycarbonate Resin

88
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Non-toxic, clear plastic of modified plasticized polyvinyl chloride.

A

Tygon

89
Q

Tygon is a modified ____.

A

plasticized polyvinyl chloride

90
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Used to handle most chemicals but should not be subjected to prolonged immersion in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, and esters.

A

Tygon

91
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Flexible at 30 C, brittle at 45 C, and resist dry heat to 95 C

A

Tygon

92
Q

Tygon is flexible at ____.

A

30 C

93
Q

Tygon is brittle at ____.

A

45 C

94
Q

Tygon resists dry heat at ____.

A

95 C

95
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Can be steamed, autoclaved, or chemically sterilized.

A

Tygon

96
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Use for manufacturing rubber tubing (ex. WBC and RBC pipette)

A

Tygon

97
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Pure transluscent white and inert to corrosive reagents, nitric acid, boiling chemicals, etc.

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

98
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Can resist extreme temperatures ranging from -270 C to 255 C.

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

99
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Used in cryogenic experiment or work at temperature over extended periods.

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

100
Q

Determine which type of plasticware

Used for self-lubricating stopcocks, stirring bars, and bottle cap lines and tubing because of its anti-adhesive properties.

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

101
Q

Three Major Types of Thermometer

A
  • Liquid-in-glass
  • Electronic thermometer or thermistor probe
  • Digital thermometer
102
Q

Which Type of Thermometer?

Use a colored liquid (red or other colors) or mercury.

A

Liquid-in-glass

103
Q

Which Type of Thermometer?

Encased in plastic or glass material with a bulb and a graduated stem

A

Liquid-in-glass

104
Q

Three types of liquid-in-glass thermometer

A
  • Partial immersion
  • Total immersion
  • Surface
105
Q

Which Type of Thermometer?

An accurate, fast-reading electronic thermometer.

A

Thermistor

106
Q

Which Type of Thermometer?

Advantages are size and millisecond response time

A

Thermistor

107
Q

Vessels holding or transferring liquid are designed to either:

A
  • To Contain (TC)
  • To Deliver (TD)
108
Q

____ do not deliver the same volume when the liquid is transferred into a container.

A

To Contain (TC)

109
Q

____ means that the lab ware will deliver the same amount when the liquid is transferred into a container.

A

To Deliver (TD)

110
Q

____ is calibrated to hold one exact volume of liquid.

A

Volumetric Flask

111
Q

____ is designed to hold different volumes.

A

Erlenmeyer Flasks and Griffin Beakers

112
Q

____ are long, cylindrical tubes usually held upright by an octagonal or circular base.

A

Graduated Cylinder

113
Q

____ can be used to measure specified volume of liquid, and to measure high degree of accuracy.

A

Graduated Cylinder

114
Q

____ are glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids.

A

Pipettes

115
Q

Pipettes are usually used for volumes of ____ or less.

A

20 mL

116
Q

Meniscus line: clear solution

A

Lower meniscus

117
Q

Meniscus line: colored solution

A

Upper meniscus

118
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Design

A
  • To Contain (TC)
  • To Deliver (TD)
119
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Drainage Characteristics

A
  • Blowout
  • Self-draining
120
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Drainage Characteristics

Has a continuous etched ring or two small, close, continuous rings located near the top of the pipette.

A

Blowout

121
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Drainage Characteristics

The last drop of liquid should be expelled into the receiving vessel.

A

Blowout

122
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Drainage Characteristics

Without markings

A

Self-draining

123
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Drainage Characteristics

Allows the contents of the pipette to drain by gravity

A

Self-draining

124
Q

Kinds of Pipette According to Type

A
  • Measuring or Graduated
  • Transfer
125
Q

Measuring or Graduated Pipettes

A
  • Serologic
  • Mohr
  • Bacteriologic
  • Ball, Kolmer, or Kahn
  • Micropipette
126
Q

Which Kind of Measuring/Graduated Pipette?

Has graduation marks to the tip and is generally a blowout pipette

A

Serologic

127
Q

Which Kind of Measuring/Graduated Pipette?

Does not have calibration to the tip, and is usually a self-draining pipette

A

Mohr

128
Q

What kind of pipette are serologic and Mohr pipettes according to their design?

A

To Deliver (TD)

129
Q

Transfer Pipettes

A
  • Volumetric
  • Ostwald-Folin
  • Pasteur
  • Automatic macropipettes or micropipettes
130
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Has a bulb in the center, and is usually self-draining

A

Volumetric

131
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Used for greatest degree of accuracy or precision

A

Volumetric

132
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Used for viscous fluids

A

Ostwald-Folin

133
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Has a bulb near the tip, and is usually a blowout pipette

A

Ostwald-Folin

134
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Has no calibration marks

A

Pasteur Pipettes

135
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

Pipette with a total holding volume of less than 1 mL

A

Micropipette

136
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

It may be designed as either a Mohr or Serologic pipette

A

Micropipette

137
Q

Which Kind of Transfer Pipette?

To contain pipette, which is calibrated with mercury

A

Micropipette

138
Q

Types of Automatic Pipette

A
  • Air displacement
  • Positive displacement
  • Dispensers/dilutors
139
Q

Which Type of Automatic Pipette?

Relies on a piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip that must be changed after each use.

A

Air Displacement

140
Q

Which Type of Automatic Pipette?

Operates by moving the piston in the pipette tip or barrel much like a hypodermic syringe.

A

Positive Displacement Pipette

141
Q

Which Type of Automatic Pipette?

Obtain the liquid from a common reservoir and dispense it repeatedly.

A

Dispensers and dilutor

Clinical Chemistry 1 (6 decks)

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