Automation and Terminologies Flashcards
____ is a technique, method, or system of operating or controlling a process by highly automatic means, reducing human intervention to a minimum.
Automation
The modern clinical chemistry uses a high degree of ____.
Automation
Automation permits the operator to focus on manual processes and increasing both ____.
efficiency and capacity
During the ____, laboratory testing was completely manual.
1950s
During the 1950s, laboratory testing was ____.
completely manual
____ was the first to release auto-analyzer.
Leonard Skeggs
____ reagent flow continuously through channels.
Continuous flow technology
During the ____, the first commercial centrifugal analyzer was produced.
1970s
The ____ was a spinoff technology from NASA.
Centrifugal analyzer
____ invented the Automatic Clinical Analyzer in 1970.
DuPont
DuPont invented the ____.
Automatic Clinical Analyzer
Automatic Clinical Analyzer is now called ____.
Siemens
Phases of Laboratory Testing
- Pre-analytical
- Analytical
- Post-analytical
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Focuses on sample collection and processing
Pre-analytical
____ is when the specimen is obtained outside the facility.
Courier Service
____ is the earliest automated transport system introduced and still used today.
Pneumatic Tube System
____ occurs when a test is not available inside the lab.
Sent Out Tests
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Chemical analysis
Analytical
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Processing of tests
Analytical
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Data management
Post-analytical
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Releasing of results
Post-analytical
Phases of Laboratory Testing
Storing of specimen after processing
Post-analytical
Definition of Terms
Number of tests that can be performed on the instrument
Test repertoire
Definition of Terms
Only performs requested tests
Selective
Definition of Terms
Maintain time required to obtain results after the initial sampling of the specimen.
Dwell time
Definition of Terms
Maximum number of samples or tests that can be processed in an hour.
Throughput
Definition of Terms
Labor maintenance, reagents, calibration, quality control, consumables and capital.
Cost
Definition of Terms
A list of the analytes or tests that a laboratory would be able to provide for patient testing.
Test
Definition of Terms
The number of test results that are generated by the laboratory during a given time.
Workload
Definition of Terms
The ability of an operator to program the instrument to perform other tasks while the instrument processes the tests.
Walk-away capability
Definition of Terms
A means of providing positive sample identification
Bar code
Definition of Terms
The lowest value that can reliably be detected by a method without providing a false-positive result.
Selectivity
Definition of Terms
The ability to measure only the analyte requested.
Specificity
Definition of Terms
Reagent stability before use
Shelf life
Definition of Terms
Occurs when previous samples have a higher or lower results.
Carry over
Definition of Terms
This occurs in system that reuse cuvettes that are insufficiently washed after each testing cycle.
Carry over
Definition of Terms
The time the analyzer is not in use
Maintenance time (Downtime)
Definition of Terms
A system other than manufacturer’s reagents that can be utilized for measurement.
Open Reagent System
Definition of Terms
A system where the operator can only use the manufacturer’s reagent.
Closed Reagent System
Definition of Terms
All samples are loaded at the same time, and a single test is conducted on each sample.
Batch Testing
Definition of Terms
More than one test is analyzed concurrently on a given clinical specimen.
Parallel Testing
Definition of Terms
Any test can be performed on any sample in any sequence.
Random Access Testing
Definition of Terms
Multiple tests analyzed one after another on a given specimen.
Sequential Testing
Phases of Chemistry Analyzer Operation
- Identification and Preparation
- Chemical reaction
- Data Collection and Analysis
Phases of Chemical Analyzer Operation
Collection and preparation of the sample
Identification and Preparation