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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Introduction to Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Other names for Clinical Chemistry

A
  • Chemical Pathology
  • Medical Biochemistry
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Pure Chemistry
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2
Q

____ is a branch of medical science that study the biochemical processes associated with health and disease.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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3
Q

____ deals with the measurement of constituents in body fluids to facilitate diagnosis of disease and to monitor the effect of treatment.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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4
Q

____ is a quantitative science that is concerned with the measurement of amounts of analytes in body fluids.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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5
Q

Scope of Clinical Chemistry

A
  • Biochemistry
  • Instrumentation
  • Toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Computers
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6
Q

Common analytes in the Chemistry Laboratory

A

1. Iron, Salts, and Minerals
2. Small Organic Molecules
* Metabolites
* Therapeutic drugs
* Toxicology
* Drugs of Abuse

3. Large Molecules
* Transport proteins
* Enzymes
* Specific proteins
* Diabetes marker

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7
Q

History of Clinical Chemistry

Before 400 B.C

A

Physicians from Egypt and Mesopotamia made diagnoses by performing auscultation and palpation.

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8
Q

Before 400 B.C, physicians from Egypt and Mesopotamia made diagnoses by performing ____.

A

auscultation and palpation

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9
Q

History of Clinical Chemistry

300 B.C

A

Hippocrates performed urine examination (tasting urine) to diagnose disease

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10
Q

Hippocrates performed ____ (tasting urine) to diagnose disease

A

urine examination

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11
Q

____ is the Father of Medicine.

A

Hippocrates

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12
Q

History of Clinical Chemistry

A.D 50

A

Rufus of Ephesus described hematuria

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13
Q

____ described hematuria.

A

Rufus of Ephesus

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14
Q

History of Clinical Chemistry

1800

A
  • Friedrich Wohler disproved the Vital Force Theory by Berzelius
  • He was able to synthesize urea by heating ammonium cyanate
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15
Q

____ was able to synthesize urea by heating ammonium cyanate.

A

Friedrich Wohler

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16
Q

The ____ states that organic compounds must have their origin in living organisms and could never be synthesized from organic material.

A

Vital Force Theory

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17
Q

Vital Force Theory was proposed by ____.

A

Berzelius

18
Q
  • Date: 1918-1920
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries:
    Clinical methods for phosphorus and magnesium
    Urine analyte determination
    Relationship of NPN to renal function
    Folin-Ciocalteu reagent
A

Otto Folin

19
Q
  • Date: 1918-1920
  • Discoverer: Otto Folin
  • Discoveries:
A
  • Clinical methods for phosphorus and magnesium
  • Urine analyte determination
  • Relationship of NPN to renal function
  • Folin-Cocalteau reagent
20
Q
  • Date: 1930
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries:
    Clinical methods for various enzymes
    Refractometer
    pH meter
A

Beckman Company

21
Q
  • Date: 1930
  • Discoverer: Beckman Company
  • Discoveries:
A
  • Clinical methods for various enzymes
  • Refractometer
  • pH meter
22
Q
  • Date: 1940
  • Discoveries:
A
  • Photoelectric colorimeter
  • Vacuum collection tubes
  • Establishment of College of American Pathologists (CAP) and American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC)
23
Q
  • Date: 1950
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries:
    Shewhart QC chart
    Methods for enzymes that are organ-specific
    Methods for blood triglycerides
A

Levy and Jennings

24
Q
  • Date: 1950
  • Discoverer: Levy and Jennings
  • Discoveries:
A
  • Shewhart QC chart
  • Methods for enzymes that are organ-specific
  • Methods for blood triglycerides
25
Q
  • Date: 1950
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries: Auto-analyzer with flame photometry (FP) principle
A

Technicon Corporation

26
Q
  • Date: 1950
  • Discoverer: Technicon Corporation
  • Discoveries:
A

Auto-analyzer with flame photometry (FP) principle

27
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries: Introduced Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS)
A

Perkin Elmer

28
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer: Perkin Elmer
  • Discoveries:
A

Introduced Atomic Absoprtion Spectrometer (AAS)

29
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries: Introduced disposable needle and syringe
A

Becton Dickinson

30
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer: Becton Dickinson
  • Discoveries:
A

Introduced disposable needle and syringe

31
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries: Introduced disk storage for computers
A

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)

32
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer: International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
  • Discoveries:
A

Introduced disk storage for computers

33
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer:
  • Discoveries: First CC random-access analyzer
A

DuPont

34
Q
  • Date: 1960
  • Discoverer: DuPont
  • Discoveries:
A

First CC random-access analyzer

35
Q

Fluids typically used for Clinical Chemistry tests

A
  • Blood
  • Urine
  • CSF
  • Saliva
  • Peritoneal fluid
  • Pericardial fluid
  • Pleural fluid
  • Synovial fluid
  • Amniotic fluid
36
Q

Regulatory guidelines that define the practice of Clinical Chemistry

A
  • Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
37
Q

Quality standards for all clinical laboratories to ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of patient test results.

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) of 1988

38
Q

The ____ defines clinical laboratory broadly.

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

39
Q

Two Levels of Regulation

A
  • Waived Tests
  • Non-waived Tests
40
Q

____ are simple laboratory examinations and procedures that are cleared by the FDA for home use.

A

Waived tests

41
Q

____ are moderately and highly complex tests as defined by the requirements for operator skill, reagent preparation, etc.

A

Non-waived tests

42
Q

Regulations include guidelines for operating safety equipment and identifying, handling, and storing chemical hazards.

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Clinical Chemistry 1 (6 decks)

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