Laboratory : Blood Flashcards
How do you measure the quality of a blood drop for the Hemoglobin color scale ?
A mout of blood : 1 drop
B order free : not touching side of strip
C olor of blood : red only
D eformation : round
E xact match : same size as opening
What should you check to have a good HemoCue measurement ?
Check
- équipement : does cuvet match device
- microcuvette : enough blood, filled in one continuous process, excess was wiped off
- patient data
- mixing of blood : 8x
- sufficient quality of sample : no cloud
- measurement information of the display : only use after 3 lines repeat
Evaluation : result coincide with outcome expected based on history taking and physical diagnostics
What is hCG ?
Human chorionic gonadotropin.
Result of hCG in an hidden abortion ?
Early miscarriage. Occurs very often
hCG is going down but it takes. Few days before the level reach 0 and patient get their period
Expected hCG level in non pregnant woman ?
0 except during the peak of LH in ovulation.
(The LH follow the curve of hCG)
Expected hCG in pregnant women ?
The hCG level start to rise at the nidation 7 days after ovulation.
Around the expected menstruation date : 200 hCG
Can go up to 18 000 hCG
Technique of pregnancy test in urine ?
Allow the test strip and urine specimen to reach t° of the room before testing.
Immerse it vertically for 10-15s don’t let it go past the maximum line.
Then wait for 3-10 min when the red line appear.
- do not read the test after 10 min
C = control bar
- no control => invalid test
T = test bar
What are hCG result in ectopic pregnancy ?
Goes up but doesn’t react normal level.
Only up to 1000 hCG
Can male take hCG test ?
Positive test may signify cancer
Expected hCG level for molar pregnancy ?
Very high concentration of hCG : possibly around 470 000
What do the haemoglobin test look at ?
Total number of erythrocyte.
What is haemolysis ?
Rupture or destruction of red blood cell.
What are the reason of doing haemoglobin test ?
Anaemia : look at pallor of gum
Polycythemia Vera : blood cancer that thicken it
What are the most common cause of anemia in Europe and in the tropics ?
Europe :
- blood loss
- absorption in the intestine problems
Tropics :
- malnutrition
- parasite infection
- genetic problem : sickle cells
Common causes of increased haemoglobin ?
Smoking and high altitude
What type of blood do you take ?
Capillary or venous depending on the patient.
Plasma.
What factor have an effect on the interpretation of blood test ?
Age
Sex
Pregnancy
Hydratation status
How do you convert g/dL to mmol/L ?
Multiply by 6,62
Method to test blood with hemocue ?
Put drop of blood on the parafilm OR take it directly via capillary pricking.
Fill the microcuvette diagonally until it is completely filled. Wipe the microcuvette. Put it in the machine after verifying it worked.
Method to prick a finger ?
Choose the 3rd or 4th finger of the non dominant hand. Massage to finger so the blood flow to the tip. Disinfect the area. Prick the finger with the needle. Wipe the first few drops. Then use with the microcuvette.
Normal amount of hemoglobin ?
Color scale : above 12-14 g/dL is okay
HemoCue :
- women : 7-10 mmol/L
- men : 8-11 mmol/L
What is INR and what are normal values ?
International normalised ratio : blood clotting test used to measure how quickly the blood forms a clot compared to normal time.
Without health conditions it should be 1.1 or below.
