Laboratory : Blood

Question 1

How do you measure the quality of a blood drop for the Hemoglobin color scale ?

Answer 1

A mout of blood : 1 drop
B order free : not touching side of strip
C olor of blood : red only
D eformation : round
E xact match : same size as opening

Question 2

What should you check to have a good HemoCue measurement ?

Answer 2

Check
- équipement : does cuvet match device
- microcuvette : enough blood, filled in one continuous process, excess was wiped off
- patient data
- mixing of blood : 8x
- sufficient quality of sample : no cloud
- measurement information of the display : only use after 3 lines repeat

Evaluation : result coincide with outcome expected based on history taking and physical diagnostics

Question 3

What is hCG ?

Answer 3

Human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 4

Result of hCG in an hidden abortion ?

Answer 4

Early miscarriage. Occurs very often
hCG is going down but it takes. Few days before the level reach 0 and patient get their period

Question 5

Expected hCG level in non pregnant woman ?

Answer 5

0 except during the peak of LH in ovulation.
(The LH follow the curve of hCG)

Question 6

Expected hCG in pregnant women ?

Answer 6

The hCG level start to rise at the nidation 7 days after ovulation.
Around the expected menstruation date : 200 hCG

Can go up to 18 000 hCG

Question 7

Technique of pregnancy test in urine ?

Answer 7

Allow the test strip and urine specimen to reach t° of the room before testing.
Immerse it vertically for 10-15s don’t let it go past the maximum line.
Then wait for 3-10 min when the red line appear.
- do not read the test after 10 min

C = control bar
- no control => invalid test
T = test bar

Question 8

What are hCG result in ectopic pregnancy ?

Answer 8

Goes up but doesn’t react normal level.
Only up to 1000 hCG

Question 9

Can male take hCG test ?

Answer 9

Positive test may signify cancer

Question 10

Expected hCG level for molar pregnancy ?

Answer 10

Very high concentration of hCG : possibly around 470 000

Question 11

What do the haemoglobin test look at ?

Answer 11

Total number of erythrocyte.

Question 12

What is haemolysis ?

Answer 12

Rupture or destruction of red blood cell.

Question 13

What are the reason of doing haemoglobin test ?

Answer 13

Anaemia : look at pallor of gum
Polycythemia Vera : blood cancer that thicken it

Question 14

What are the most common cause of anemia in Europe and in the tropics ?

Answer 14

Europe :
- blood loss
- absorption in the intestine problems

Tropics :
- malnutrition
- parasite infection
- genetic problem : sickle cells

Question 15

Common causes of increased haemoglobin ?

Answer 15

Smoking and high altitude

Question 16

What type of blood do you take ?

Answer 16

Capillary or venous depending on the patient.
Plasma.

Question 17

What factor have an effect on the interpretation of blood test ?

Answer 17

Age
Sex
Pregnancy
Hydratation status

Question 18

How do you convert g/dL to mmol/L ?

Answer 18

Multiply by 6,62

Question 19

Method to test blood with hemocue ?

Answer 19

Put drop of blood on the parafilm OR take it directly via capillary pricking.

Fill the microcuvette diagonally until it is completely filled. Wipe the microcuvette. Put it in the machine after verifying it worked.

Question 20

Method to prick a finger ?

Answer 20

Choose the 3rd or 4th finger of the non dominant hand. Massage to finger so the blood flow to the tip. Disinfect the area. Prick the finger with the needle. Wipe the first few drops. Then use with the microcuvette.

Question 21

Normal amount of hemoglobin ?

Answer 21

Color scale : above 12-14 g/dL is okay
HemoCue :
- women : 7-10 mmol/L
- men : 8-11 mmol/L