Examination Of The Shoulder Flashcards
What are the abductors of the shoulder ?
Supraspinatus and deltoids.
What are the external rotators of the shoulder ?
Infraspinatus and teres minor.
What are the internal rotators of the shoulder ?
Subcapsularis
What are the anteflexors of the shoulder ?
Anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major.
What are the retroflexors of the shoulder ?
Posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major
What are the adductors of the shoulder ?
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis
What are the main things to inspect in the shoulder ?
Bones and joint :
- sternum, clavicle
- sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint
- scapula : acromion, coracoid process, scapular spine
- spinal processes
- humerus : head, epicondyles
Soft tissue : skin and muscle contour :
- sternocleidomastoid
- trapezius
- deltoid
- pectoralis major
- biceps and triceps brachii
- rotator cuff : supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor,
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
- serratus anterior
Posture :
- position of : head, shoulder, sternum, scapula
- shape of chest
- waist triangle
What movement do you inspect ?
Anteflexion and retroflexion
Abduction and horizontal adduction
External and internal rotation
What do you do in case of suspected disorder of acromioclavicular / sternoclavicular joint ?
Elevation and depression
Protraction and retraction
What structures can you palpate in the shoulder ?
Sternum and chondrocostal transition. Sternoclavicular joint. Clavicle.
Acromion clavicular joint.
Scapula : coracoid process, acromion, scapular spine, medial and inferior border
Humerus : greater and lesser tuberosity, intertubercular groove
What are the specific test of the shoulder ?
SAPS :
- Hawkins Kennedy’s test
- Neer’s sign
Stability test :
- apprehension test
- relocation test
- anterior release test
What is SAPS ?
Subacromial pain syndrome : impingement syndrome
Rotator cuff tendon, subacromial bursa and tendon of long head of biceps brachii are compressed against coracoacromial arch.
Symptoms : pain mainly at 60-120° abduction and during test.
Where does the pain radiating in the shoulder come from ?
Heart, gallbladder, spleen.
What is frozen shoulder ?
Inflammation of the joint capsule. Stiffness and pain in the shoulder. Unable to do rotation.
What do you see in paralysis of the serratus muscle ?
The scapula isn’t pulled towards the ribs so it stick out.
