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Vet3 > Laboratory and Diagnostic imaging > Flashcards

Laboratory and Diagnostic imaging Flashcards

1
Q

lab results

A

help establish diagnoses, track the course of diseases, offer prognoses

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2
Q

hematology

A

analyze blood, collecting and handling blood samples performing a CBC assisting with bone marrow examination, performing routine blood coagulation

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3
Q

sample quality

A

has a significant impact on test accuracy

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4
Q

sample collection

A

needs to be the right size not too big to rupture the vein

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5
Q

whole blood

A

composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma

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6
Q

plasma

A

fluid found in whole blood

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7
Q

anticoagulants

A

used when whole blood or plasma samples are needed

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8
Q

purpose of CBC’s

A

cost-effective way to learn about the patient, can diagnose disease and screens animal before surgery

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9
Q

blood is composed of

A

erythrocytes (rbc), leukocytes (wbc), thrombocytes (platelets), plasma (liquid)

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10
Q

packed cell volume (pcv)

A

measure of percentage of blood that is occupied by rbc’s. low may indicate anemia

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11
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets function to provide an initiating coagulation factor

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12
Q

urinalysis

A

determine the presence of abnormal formed elements in the urine

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13
Q

sample urine collection

A

free flow or clean catch, expressing the bladder, catheterization, cystocentesis (inserting needle into bladder)

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14
Q

sample collection

A

first morning urine sample is the preferred specimen because it is the most concentrated

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15
Q

complete urine analysis in 4 parts

A

gross examination, specific gravity, biochemical analysis, sediment examination

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16
Q

gross examination

A

colour, clarity, odor, volume, normal is amber coloured and has a characteristic odor

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17
Q

specific gravity

A

measure of the ratio of a volume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water

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18
Q

biochemical testing

A

used to detect substances that may have passed into the urine as a result of damage to the kidneys, dipstick tests provide indicator pads for protein, glucose, ketones, pH, bilirubin and blood

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19
Q

urine sediment

A

would be the abnormal elements on the sample. They settle to the bottom of the sample (crystals, calls and casts)

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20
Q

parasitology

A

study of organisms that live in or another organism the host from which they derive their nourishment

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21
Q

definitive host

A

sheltering the sexual adult stages of the parasite

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22
Q

intermediate host

A

harbouring asexual (immature) or larval stages of parasite

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23
Q

survival

A

it must have dependable means of transfer from one host to another and the ability to develop and reproduce in the host

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24
Q

survival requirements

A

mode of entry into a host, ability of a susceptible host, accommodating and env’t in the host for maturation and reproduction (digestive etc), mode of exit from the hose (feces, urine, blood)

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25
Q

impact on host

A

injury on entry, injury by migration, injury by resistance, chemical or physical injury, injury cause by host reaction

26
Q

roundworm

A

found in dogs, primarily located on the skin

27
Q

fleas

A

blood-sucking parasites of dogs, cats, rodents, birds and people. heavy infestations can produce anemia. detected around the tail head, ventral abdomen and under the chin

28
Q

lice

A

lice glue their eggs or nits to the hairs or feathers of the host, transmission is usually by direct contact

29
Q

flies

A

produce harm by inflicting painful bites, sucking blood, producing hypersensitive reactions depositing eggs in sores causing annoyance and acting as vectors

30
Q

ticks

A

blood sucking arachnids

31
Q

mites

A

most spend their entire life cycle on the host and produce manage, most transmitted through direct contact with infested animal

32
Q

precautions

A

wear gloves and frequent hand washing, clean and disinfect work areas after examinations, clean equipment fequently

33
Q

fecal testing

A

sample must be fresh and stored properly if testing is delayed, not refrigerated

34
Q

direct smear

A

small amount of feces on a glass slide is ezamined infer a microscope

35
Q

fecal floatation

A

flotation method to measure specific gravity

36
Q

centrifugal floatation

A

sample is strained to remove excess debris

37
Q

fecal sedimentation

A

used when suspected parasites produce ova too large to be recovered with standard flotation

38
Q

cellophane tape preparation

A

often used to said in identification of tapeworms

39
Q

MPD

A

maximum permissible dose of radiation

40
Q

radiation safety

A

tissues with rapidly growing or reproducing cells are the most sensitive to radiation

41
Q

radiation exposure can cause damage in several ways

A

possible carcinogenic effects (cancer), reproductive organs may suffer from infertility damage to RBC, can be genetic and effect future generations, radiodermatitis (reddened, dry skin), damage to a developing fetus

42
Q

minimizing exposure

A

lead shielding, gowns, gloves, thyroid shields, increase distance from primary beam, proper use of patient positioning aids, fastest film combinations, proper darkroom practices

43
Q

general radiation safety rules

A

always wear protective gear, wear radiation monitoring device, never allow body parts to be in the line of the beam, distance, pregnant women not allowed, under 18 not allowed, only those people needed should be in the room

44
Q

radiographic artificats

A

any unwanted density in the form of blemishes, improper handling, exposure, processing, housekeeping

45
Q

reduce appearance of artifacts

A

external debris, wet hair, lumps or bumps, remove dirt or mats from the coast, collars, leashes, halters or bandages

46
Q

fogged film

A

film expired

47
Q

black crescents or lines

A

rough handling of film before or after exposure

48
Q

decreased detail

A

patient motion

49
Q

entire film clear

A

no exposure

50
Q

ventral

A

situated towards the underside of quadrupeds

51
Q

dorsal

A

situated toward the back or topline of quadrypeds

52
Q

lateral

A

situated away from the midline

53
Q

diagnostic ultrasound

A

noninvasive method of imaging soft tissues

54
Q

patient prep

A

hair clipped or shaved, wipe area with alcohol or soapy water, fasting of small animals before abdominal ultrasound

55
Q

rigid endoscopes

A

composed of a metal tube, lenses, and glass rods. rhinoscopy, laproscopy, vaginoscopy, female cystoscopy, arthroscopy, throroscopy

56
Q

flexible endoscopes

A

GI endoscopy, bronchoscopy, male cystoscopy

57
Q

GI endocopy prep

A

fasting food from patient for at least 12-24hrs

58
Q

colonoscopy

A

all feces should be removed from the colon before, fasting 36hrs

59
Q

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

noninvasive procedure used primarily to examine the internal organs

60
Q

items to interfere with MRI

A

gas anesthesia machines, collars, watches, hairpins, clip boards, IV poles, cell phones, glasses, ink pens

Vet3 (5 decks)

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