Laboratory Flashcards
Why is EDTA preferred over heparin for diffs?
Heparin interferes with WBC staining and causes WBC clumping
What is the normal range for WBC per HPF on a UA?
0-5
Culture or draining lesions of which bacteria has a sweet smell?
Pseudomonas (aeruginosa), a gram negative bacterium that often has a fruity smell
Which anticoagulant is found in blue top tubes?
Sodium citrate
Which anticoagulant is most commonly used in hematology?
EDTA, or Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
Urine from which species is usually milky or cloudy?
Horses and rabbits. They have a high concentration of calcium carbonate crystals that make urine look milky. Also, houses secrete mucus from the renal pelvis that contributes to urine.
Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride) are measured in which units?
mEq/L
What is the equation for correction WBC count after finding nucleated RBC?
(WBC x 100) / (nRBC +100) = corrected WBC count
What is a round or spherical shaped bacteria called?
cocci
bacilli are also known as
rods
What shape are spirochetes?
Spiral shaped
What does pleomorphic mean?
Variably shaped organisms
When looking through a microscope, what is the orientation of the slide?
The image is upside down and reversed
What does a knotts test tell us?
This is a test for microfilariae, and is useful to diagnose heartworm in dogs
What word is used to describe variation in cell size on a diff?
Aniocytosis (remember ani-secoria… ani, different size)
What is the word used to describe various colors among cells?
Polychromasia
What is Strongyloides stercoralis
A small, slender nematode that infects the SI of dogs and cats. Can detect by a fecal sample (L1 larvae) by using the baermann technique
Parathyroid hormone regulates which blood value?
Calcium
What ate thrombocytes?
Platelets
What are spherocytes?
Red blood cells that lack central pallor and are typically smaller due to the destruction of their membrane. (Seen in IMHA patients)
On a microscope, what is the function of a condenser?
To FOCUS light on the object. (When not set up properly, rings of light or haloes appear around objects) (directly inder the stage
What is a rheostat’s (and iris diaphragm) function on a microscope?
To adjust light intensity (brighten and dim).
Where on a primates body are they tested for tuberculosis?
The eyelid. An intradermal test is done
For a minor cross match, what do you need?
Recipient red blood cells, and donor plasma. Looking to see if donor plasma reacts with recipients RBC.
When doing a diff, if total WBC are 21,800, and segs are 88%, what is the absolute value of segs?
21,800 x 0.88 = 19,184
What is the correct name for ear mites?
Otodectes cynotis (ear mites in dogs/cats/ferrets), produces brown waxy discharge
Which crystals on a UA are colorless, prism like with a coffin lid appearance? (rectangular)
Struvites
Which crystals are brownish and round with spicules?
Ammonium biurate crystals
How would you describe calcium oxalate crystals?
They have a clear colored square appearance with a X across the surface (envelope)
Which test would you use to diagnose Addisons in dogs?
ACTH stim. ACTH should stimulate cortisol secretion from the adrenal glands, but patients with addisons don’t secrete normal levels even after stimulation
Addisons is also known as
Hypoadrenocorticism
What is addisons?
Where the adrenal glands don’t produce sufficient cortisol.
Mannitol salt agar, or MSA selects the growth of which species?
Staphylococci
What is malassezia?
A fungus/yeast, very common in skin and yeast infections.
What are the differences between alpha, beta, gamma, and delta hemolysis?
Alpha hemolysis: partial hemolysis, creating a band of slimy discoloration around a bacterial colony. Beta: Complete hemolysis, leaving a clear zone around a bacteria colony. Gamma: Causes no change in the medium’s appearance. Delta: Creates a double zone of hemolysis wherein a narrow area around the colony is hemolyzed and surrounded by a larger region with some hemolysis.
Sodium fluoride is the preferred anticoagulant for what purpose?
Measurement of Blood Glucose.
A ___ test amplifies DNA. It’s a method of amplifying a segment of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) segments.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Flow cytometry is a technique used to ___ ____.
Sort cells
What is a spherocyte?
A dark staining RBC with no central pallor (seen with immune mediated destruction)
What is a schistocyte?
A RBC fragment that is usually formed due to shearing in cases like DIC or hemangiosarcoma.
