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VTNE prep > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Define apical

A

The portion of the tooth that is closer to the tip of the root of a tooth relative to another structure

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2
Q

Define rostral

A

Any structure closer to the front of the head relative to another structure

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3
Q

Define caudal (in dentistry)

A

Any structure closer to the back of the head relative to another structure

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4
Q

Define buccal

A

The tooth surface that faces the cheek

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5
Q

Define labial

A

The tooth surface that faces the lips

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6
Q

Define vestibular (in dentistry)

A

Surface of a tooth that is directed outward toward the vestibule of the mouth which includes the buccal (cheek) and labial (lip) surfaces

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7
Q

Facial

A

The surface of the tooth visible from the front (same as vestibular surface, but applies mainly to the incisor teeth)

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8
Q

Lingual

A

The surface of the mandibular teeth that is adjacent to the tongue

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9
Q

Palatel

A

The surface of the maxillary teeth that is adjacent to the palete (behind, facing up toward the palate)

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10
Q

Mesial

A

The portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade (rainbow) and closest to the rostral midline of the dental arch (toward midline) toward incisors

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11
Q

Distal (in dentistry)

A

The portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade and closest to the most caudal aspect of the dental arch (opposite side of the mesial and away from midline) towards molars

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12
Q

Coronal

A

The portion of the tooth closer to the crown relative to another structure

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13
Q

What position is best for working on upper jaws? (maxilla)

A

Sternal recumbency

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14
Q

What position is best for working on lower jaws? (anterior mandible)

A

Dorsal recumbency

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15
Q

What position is best for working on premolars, and molars of the mandible?

A

Lateral recumbency

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16
Q

The process of teeth getting gradually worn out after making contact with each other and grinding together is called what

A

Attrition

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17
Q

The 4th upper premolars are also known as what

A

carnassial teeth (The largest shearing tooth of the mandible and the maxilla in carnivores)

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18
Q

In dogs, what structure are the 4th upper premolars (or carnassial teeth) connected to?

A

The maxillary sinus

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19
Q

What can happen when a carnassial tooth gets infected?

A

An absess builds up around the affected root just under the skin below and in front of the eye

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20
Q

In dentistry, what is a probe used for?

A

Used to check pocket depth

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21
Q

In dentistry, what is a scaler used for?

A

To remove plaque and calculus from the teeth. Water comes out of the tip to cool the instrument and prevent thermal damage of the tooth while washing away debris. It should only be used for 10-15 seconds per tooth and shound be in constant motion

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22
Q

What is a curette used for?

A

The curet is a spoon shaped instrument used for removing necrotic cementum and calculus from the teeth and can be used above the gumline or beneath the gums (supragingival (above) and subgingival (below))

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23
Q

What is the elevator used for in dentistry?

A

To wear down the periodontal ligament to aid in extracting teeth

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24
Q

Endodontic refers to what?

A

Dental pulp and the tissue surrounding the root of a tooth. The root canal is the most common enrodontic procedure.

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25
Q

In all species, the canine in number ends in ____ and the first molar ends in ___

A

The canine will always end in “07” and the first molar ends with “09”

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26
Q

Cats and dogs have how many pairs of incisors? (per jaw)

A

Three pairs, so 6 per jaw, 12 total

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27
Q

Cats are missing which teeth on their mandible?

A

First and second premolars

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28
Q

How many canine teeth do dogs and cats have?

A

2 pairs, so 4 total.

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29
Q

What are the functions of incisors?

A

Cutting and clipping

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30
Q

What are the functions of canines?

A

Grasping and tearing

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31
Q

What are the functions of premolars?

A

Shearing and grinding

32
Q

What are the functions of molars?

A

Crushing and grinding

33
Q

How many pairs of premolars for dogs have?

A

4 pairs, so 8 per jaw, 16 total

34
Q

What is another way to say maxillary block?

A

Infraorbital block

35
Q

What is an infraorbital or maxillary block?

A

These are local anesthetic techniques used to decrease anesthetic requirements and provide analgesia (involving the maxilla)

36
Q

What are the inferior alveoler and mental nerve block used for?

A

Mandible nerve blocks

37
Q

What is it called to file down and smooth out a horses teeth?

A

Floating

38
Q

Which animals have hypsodont (or high crowned) teeth

A

Cows and horses. These teeth have enamel pas the gum line and extra material for wear and tear and grinding

39
Q

What are brachydont teeth?

A

Low crowned teeth, where the root is imbedded in the jaw bone

40
Q

What is used to record impressions of teeth?

A

Alginate

41
Q

Which dental disease is one of the most common conditions seen?

A

Periodontal disease

42
Q

What does the periodontum include?

A

The gingiva, the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, and cementum of the tooth

43
Q

What is the polisher instrument used for?

A

Used to help smooth the tooth surface

44
Q

Which species have wolf teeth?

A

Horses

45
Q

What are wolf teeth?

A

Small teeth that are the first premolars in the horse.

46
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia?

A

Overgrowth of the gum tissue. In some case a biopsy will be done to rule out neoplasia.

47
Q

How many upper incisors does a goat have?

A

Zero, gross

48
Q

What is the permanent dental formula for a dog?

A

2(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M 2/3) 42 teeth total

49
Q

What does the dental arc or arcade refer to?

A

The curve of the row of teeth in each jaw

50
Q

What are “baby” teeth called?

A

Desiduous teeth

51
Q

When does teething usually begin?

A

usually at about 3 1/2-4months until about 6 months

52
Q

How many 3 rooted permanent teeth are in the maxilla of a dog?

A
  1. P4, M1, and M2 (so 3 on each side of the top jaw) (the last premolar, and the first 2 molars). There are no 3 rooted permanent mandibular teeth on a dog
53
Q

What is enamel made of?

A

Calcium phosphate, or hydroxyapatite

54
Q

What do you call the thin calcified layer of tissue that covers the dentin of the tooth root?

A

The cementum

55
Q

The tooth itself is mostly made up of ___, which is covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the roots

A

Dentin

55
Q

In dogs, a normal sulcus depth is ______, anything greater and periodontal disease is suggested

A

0-3mm

55
Q

What is a normal sulcus depth for a cat?

A

0-1mm

55
Q

Do rabbits have canine teeth?

A

No. They have 2 upper and 2 lower incisors, 6 upper premolars, 4 lower premolars, and 6 upper and 6 lower molars

55
Q

What is the name of the teeth that lie behind a rabbits large top incisor teeth?

A

2 small peg like teeth called auxiliary incisors or “peg teeth”

56
Q

Dental calculus or _____ is mineralized plaque and can lead to persistent inflammation

A
56
Q

What are dental caries and which animals can develop them?

A

Caries are cavities caused by demineralization of the teeth. Rabbits and chinchillas, and dogs can develop these. It is very rare for other species to develop them

56
Q

It is thought that ___ % of dogs, and ___ % of cats have some degree of periodontal disease

A
57
Q

What is the dental formula for an adult horse? (i.e. incisors, canines, pre molars, molars)

A

Upper: 3-1-4 (includes the wolf tooth)-3
Lower: 3-1-3-3

58
Q

What can be seen in a puppy that had distemper?

A

Enamel hypoplasia (deficiency)

59
Q

What is the name for a non-malignant oral tumor?

A

An epilus. This is a tumor of the periodontal ligament

60
Q

What is the dental formula for guinea pigs and chinchillas?

A

2(I1/1,C0/0 PM1/1 M3/3) = 20 teeth

61
Q

In dogs, which are permanent teeth with 2 roots?

A

Mandibular (bottom) premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1

62
Q

How many teeth does a dog have?

A

42

63
Q

How many teeth does a cat have?

A

30

64
Q

Piglets are born with 8 sharp milk teeth, or ____ teeth.

A

Needle teeth. They can lacerate the sow during nursing and cause trauma to the other piglets. They are clipped within 24 hrs of birth.

65
Q

What is stomatitis?

A

Inflammation of the oral mucosal surfaces

66
Q

Which kind of drugs can cause discoloration of puppy teeth?

A

Tetracycline (a type of antibiotic)

67
Q

Which species regurgitates their food for remastication?

A

Cattle. They chew their “cud” that they gurg up a food bolus to keep chewing. This an go on for 8 hours a day.

68
Q

What technique is used to take quality intra-oral xrays?

A

Bisecting oral technique

68
Q

What is actinomyces bovis?

A

A bacterium that causes “lumpy jaw”, diagnosed by palpating an immobile, firm, mass over the mandible

68
Q

_____ do not have canine teeth.

A

Rodents

VTNE prep (8 decks)

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