Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Women's Health - OB > Labor & Birth > Flashcards

Labor & Birth Flashcards

1
Q

cervical effacement

A

Thinning of cervix measured by %

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

station =

A

Position of baby’s head in relationship to maternal ischial spines (-3 to +3cm, 0 = ischial spine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stages of labor

A

1st Stage: Beginning of painful contractions to 10 cm cervical dilation
2nd Stage: Full dilation, pushing and expulsion of the baby
3rd Stage: Delivery of the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 P’s of labor that effect ability of baby to be delivered?

A 
Passenger = baby
Powers = uterine contractions
Passage= maternal pelvis
Psyche = mother’s emotional state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Latent vs Active labor

A

Latent Labor : Onset of labor contractions until 6cm dilated and regular, painful conractions

Active Labor: 6cm dilated with cervical change and regular, painful contractons until fully dilated (10cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common cause of C-section

A

labor protractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Standard procedures of labor and delivery

A

Fetal monitoring
IV access
2nd stage Pitocin
Antibiotics for GBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ways to induce pregnancy and ripen cervix

A

Misoprostil
Foley bulb
Pitocin
Artificial rupture of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What to look for on fetal monitoring during delivery?

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

early decelerations indicate

A

vagal response to head compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indications of fetal tachycardia

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

late decelerations

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

no variability on fetal monitoring

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Longest phase of labor

A

latent phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

LOA fetal position

A

Left occiput anterior position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Leopold’s maneuver?

A

way to determine position and presentation of fetus in uterus, which in conjunction with correct assessment of the shape of the maternal pelvis can indicate whether delivery is going to be complicated or if C-section is necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Leopold’s maneuver?

A

way to determine position and presentation of fetus in uterus, which in conjunction with correct assessment of the shape of the maternal pelvis can indicate whether delivery is going to be complicated or if C-section is necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is preeclampsia treated?

A

MILD: IV drip magnesium inpatient to decrease seizure risk, hydralazine or labetalol for acute BP control, steroids for lung maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What qualifies as preeclampsia?

A

1) HTN
Mild > 140/90 OR increase of 30 systolic and 15 diastolic from prepregnancy
Severe >160/110

2) Proteinuria
Mild > 300mg/24 hr
Severe > 5g/24 hr or 4+ on dipstick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define eclampsia and how to treat

A

Severe preeclampsia (>160/110 and urine protein > 5g/24hr) with addition of seizures

Severe preclampsia and eclampsia are indications for prompt delivery regardless of gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What qualifies as pregnancy-induced HTN?

A

new onset of HTN after 20 weeks gestation without any other associated symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What anti-HTN can be used in pregnancy?

A

1st line: Methyldopa

Alternatives: labetalol, hydralazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is a bimanual exam done in pregnancy?

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do we need to monitor for pruritus during pregnancy?

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cervical color... does it matter?
.
26
What is HELLP syndrome?
severe preeclampsia with the addition of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets
27
What screenings are done in first semester?
``` PAPP-A free beta-hCG Nuchal translucency CVS (10-13 wks) U/S ```
28
What screenings are done in second semester?
Quad screen - estriol, AFP, inhibin A, hCG Amniocentesis (15-18 wks) U/S
29
What screenings are done in third semester?
``` Gestational DM screen Culture for GBS Rhogam in Rh- mothers H&H NST U/S Biophysical profile ```
30
What is hyperemesis and how is it treated?
excessive vomiting during pregnancy
31
Diseases that can occur in the placenta
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) = hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy), trophoblastic tumor, choriocarcinomas
32
delivery of placenta
.
33
Meds and breastfeeding
.
34
First prenatal visit labs and dx testing
``` CBC Blood type and Rh Rubella titer Random glucose Hep B serum antigen Culture for G&C prn HIV testing UA Coomb's Test (antibodies) Serologic syphilis testing Pap smear Offer all couples screen for cystic fibrosis, sickle cell, other genetic d/o per FHX ```
35
What is history and exams are included in every prenatal visit?
General health, diet, activity, compliance with vitamins, maternal weight gain, edema, fetal movement BP, fundal height, U/S for fetal heart tones, UA
36
How often are prenatal visits?
Initial visit 6-8 wks after LMP Every 4 wks until 32 wks Every 2 wks until 36 wks Weekly until delivery
37
How are neural tube defects prevented?
folic acid
38
What is fundal height?
estimates age according to uterine size 12 wks = pubic symphysis 20 wks = umbilicus 38 wks = xiphoid process
39
How and when is oral glucose tolerance test done?
Third semester (24-28 wks) Nonfasting 50-g glucose challenge, followed by serum glucose level 1 hour later. If >130, then 3-hr OGTT 100-g load in morning after overnight fast. serum glucose taken at fasting and then at 1, 2, and 3 hrs after load
40
What qualifies as gestational diabetes?
Dx'd if two or more values abnormal: fasting 95, 1 hr 180, 2 hr 155, 3 hr 140
41
How to tell if women is going through preterm labor?
regular contractions between 20-36 weeks AND 1 or following: dilation > 2cm at presentation, dilation > 1 cm on serial exam, cervical effacement > 80% Length of cervix 2 cm at 24 weeks Sx's: pressure, menstrual-like cramps, watery or bloody discharge, low back pain
42
What are spontaneous abortions and why do they occur?
termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks; premature expulsion of conception products 50% due to chromosomal abnormalities others - smoking, drug use, infection, maternal systemic dz, immunologic
43
What is next step after abnormal quad screen or U/S?
Indication for genetic counseling - chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis
44
DDX of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
Molar pregnancy before week 20
45
Causes of postpartum hemorrhages
.
46
Production of amniotic fluids and amount
.
47
Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy
.
48
When can gender of fetus be determined?
.
49
Causes of intrauterine growth retardation
multiple gestation | ...
50
Risk of 5th disease to fetus
.
51
What is pregnant patient at risk for with trauma and falls?
.
52
Stages of labor
.
53
Reasons to induce labor
.
54
Want to go to PROM with me? What color should I wear?
rupture of amniotic membrane before onset of labor > 37 weeks confirmed with direct visualization of vaginal discharge, use of nitrazine paper, and fern test
55
Vomiting during pregnancy
.
56
.
.
57
What risks are associated with multiple gestation?
mother: spontaneous abortion, preterm birth fetal: growth restriction, cord accidents, death of one twin, congenital abnormalities, breech, placental abruption or previa
58
How to determine a molar pregnancy (or hydatidiform mole)?
complete: empty egg; "grape-like vesicles" or "snowstorm pattern" on U/S partial: nonviable fetus present
59
What is an incompetent cervix?
.
60
How to treat STI's in pregnancy?
.
61
Why and when is Rhogam given?
Given to all Rh-negative mothers at 28 weeks as prophylactic protection and within 72 hrs of delivering an Rh-positive infant Inhibits the production of anti-Rh(+) antibodies that could attack the immune system of Rh+ fetus
62
What does biophysical profile include?
five parameters: NST, amniotic fluid, gross fetal movements, fetal tone, fetal breathing Each parameter gives max 2 points to total of 10
63
What does a normal NST (non-stress test) require?
two accelerations of fetal heart rate in 20 min of up to 15 bp form baseline for duration of 15 seconds Absence of decelerations
64
Which finding on fetal NST is most worrisome?
persistent late decelerations, which begin after peak of contraction decelerations = decline in fetal HR of 15 bpm or lasting more than 15 sec
65
DDX of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
Molar pregnancy before week 20 Abruptio placentae after week 20, painful Placenta previa after week 20, painless, confirm with U/S
66
Define "station" in association with labor
Position of baby’s head in relationship to maternal ischial spines (-3 to +3cm, 0 = ischial spine) example: +2 means presenting part is 2 cm below spine
67
Stages of labor
1st Stage: onset of true contractions to 10 cm full cervical dilation 2nd Stage: Full dilation to delivery, pushing and expulsion of the baby 3rd Stage: Delivery of the placenta
68
What qualifies as preeclampsia?
1) HTN Mild > 140/90 OR increase of 30 systolic and 15 diastolic from pre-pregnancy Severe >160/110 2) Proteinuria Mild > 300mg/24 hr Severe > 5g/24 hr or 4+ on dipstick
69
Which finding on fetal NST is most worrisome?
persistent late decelerations, which begin after peak of contraction decelerations = decline in fetal HR of 15 bpm or lasting more than 15 sec
70
When abnormal decelerations on internal fetal monitor ECG, what is indicated?
stop oxytocin (if applicable), change maternal position, administer oxygen via face mask, and measure fetal scalp pH
71
Cause of late decelerations on fetal ECG during delivery?
uteroplacental insufficiency
72
Why is oxytocin sometimes used in third stage of labor?
to reduce blood loss by stimulating contractions
73
Ways to induce pregnancy
prostaglandin gel on cervix to soften it Misoprostil Foley bulb IV Pitocin (oxytocin) - increase contractions Artificial rupture of membrane = Amniotomy
74
Causes of postpartum hemorrhages
Early (24 hrs of delivery): subinvolution of uterus retained products of conception endometriosis
75
Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine massage and compression IV access and prepare blood components Treat subinvolution of uterus by increasing contractions - IV oxytocin, ergonovine, methylergonovine, or prostaglandins
76
Why is oxytocin sometimes used in third stage of labor?
to reduce blood loss by stimulating contractions
77
Indications of C-section
repeat c-section dystocia or failure to progress breech position fetal distress
78
Puerperium
postpartum; 6-week period after delivery
79
Normal bleeding that occurs 4-5 weeks postpartum
Lochia
80
What is an incompetent cervix?
pressure of baby may cause cervix to open before labor
81
What is hyperemesis gravidarum and how is it treated?
severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss, vitamin deficiency tx: promethazine or cyclizine
82
Production of amniotic fluids and amount
placenta originally produces amniotic fluid, then lungs and kidneys take over as fetus breaths and swallows it
83
Risk of 5th disease to fetus
"slapped cheek" appearance
84
What is pregnant patient at risk for with trauma and falls?
mixing of blood
85
Reasons to induce labor
prolonged pregnancy, DM, PROM, chronic HTN, preeclampsia, Rh isoimmunization, intrauterine growth retardation
86
Signs and treatment of morning sickness
Normal nausea during pregnancy; no vomiting Tx: ginger, small/freq meals, Acupuncture
87
What is an incompetent cervix? Possible tx?
pressure of baby may cause cervix to open before labor tx: progesterone supplements

Women's Health - OB (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions