LABMAN SEMIS Flashcards

1
Q

doing the right things right the first time; there is a degree, of excellence and customer satisfaction

A

Quality

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2
Q

Also describes as “the tools”.

A

Quality control

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3
Q

Relies heavily on quantitative statistical methods that focus on the final product as defined by the standards set by the producer

A

Quality control

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4
Q

It is how the company ensures the product quality

A

Quality control

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5
Q

The foundation of quality control

A

descriptive analysis or descriptive analytics / descriptive statistics

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6
Q

Systematic process that determines whether the service/product meet the specified requirement

A

Quality assurance

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7
Q

Developed out of the limitations of the quality controm-approach and defined quality in health care institutions by the success of the total organization, not just individual components of the system in achieving the goals of patient care

A

Quality assurance

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8
Q

To ensure that quality laboratory services are provided, every laboratory should strive to:

A
  • Obtain modern equipment
  • Hire well-trained staff
  • Ensure a well-designed and safe physical environment
  • Create a good management team
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9
Q

ultimately dispels the concept of “good enough” and promotes one of it can always be done better.

A

Quality Systems Management

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10
Q

Systems approach that focuses on teams, processes, statistics, and deliveries of services or products that meet or exceed customer expectations.

A

Total quality management

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11
Q

Continuous process to eliminate the errors in manufacturing

A

Total quality management

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12
Q

It mainly involves the continuous improvement of the organization processes
It is a continuous, customer-centered, employee-driven improvement

A

TQM

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13
Q

An element of TQM that strives to continually improve practices and not just meet established quality standards.

A

Continuous quality improvement

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14
Q

Process of creating an environment in which the management and the workers will strive to create constantly improving quality

A

Continuous quality improvement

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15
Q

Set of methodologies to improve the management process by reducing the defects/errors

A

Six sigma

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16
Q

indicates the frequency of defects occurring in one process

A

Sigma value

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17
Q

Ultimately designed to reduce waste (non-valued activities), which means to reduce cost by identifying daily work activities that do not directly to the delivery of laboratory services in the most flow efficient or cost-effective ways.

A

Lean

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18
Q

He Originated the PDCA (Plan-do-check-act) cycle, and introduced it to W.E. Deming

A

Walter shewhart

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19
Q

Deming promoted the PDCA cycle in what year

A

1950s

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20
Q

4 stages of PDCA cycle

A

Plan
Do
Check
Act

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21
Q
  • The Father of Quality
  • Established, the concept that quality is a continuous improvement process that requires manager’s active pursuit in reaching and setting goals for improvement.
A

Joseph Juran

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22
Q

One of Juran’s key quality principle that follows the observation of the economist Vilfredo Pareto

A

The Pareto principles (80/20 rule)

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23
Q

Used for laboratory quality control

A

Westgard’s rule

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24
Q
  • Applied Shewhart’s multirule system to the evaluation of quality control data in the medical laboratory.
  • He is internationally recognized Quality Control (QC) expert because he is the originator of the multirule (Westgard’s rule)
A

Dr. James Westgard

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25
Q

nearness or closeness of a result to the actual
value of the analyte when performing a test.

A

Accuracy

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26
Q

ability of an analytical method to give repeated results/reproduces a value.

A

Precision

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27
Q

distribution of errors from the analytical method, and occurs when the data can be accurately
described by the SD and mean

A

Gaussian curve

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28
Q

it calculates the difference between QC
results and the target means

A

Cumulative Sum Graph (CUSUM)

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29
Q

used to compare results obtained on a high and low control serum from different laboratories

A

Youden/Twin Plot

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30
Q

most commonly used chart and it is also referred to as S-L/J or dot chart

A

Shewhart Levey-Jennings Chart

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31
Q

rejection or warning rule used to identify or indicate if the analytical processes are out of control

A

Westgard Control Rules

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32
Q

refers to the control rule that is commonly used with a Levey- Jennings chart when the control limits are set as the mean plus/minus 2s

A

12s rule

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33
Q

may occur by chance at any time and place within the testing or service process

A

Random error

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34
Q

Causes of random errors are:

A

• bubbles in reagents or reagent lines
• instrument instability
• temperature variations
• operator variability, such as variation in pipetting

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35
Q

Examples of random errors are:

A

12S, 13S, and R4S or increased in precision

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36
Q

error that influences observations consistently in one direction

A

Systematic error

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37
Q

Sample of systematic errors

A

22s & 41s

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38
Q

Statistical tool used to measure the systematic error or accuracy

A

Mean

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39
Q

Statistical tool used to measure precision or dispersion of values around the mean

A

Standard deviation

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40
Q

Statistical tool that allows comparison and check on precision and variability of each method

A

Coefficient of Variation

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41
Q

formed by control values that either increase or decrease for six consecutive days

A

Trend

42
Q

Main cause of trend

A

deterioration of reagents

43
Q

formed by control values that distribute themselves on one side or either side of the mean for six consecutive days

A

Shift

44
Q

Main cause of shift

A

Improper calibration of the instruments

45
Q

THREE PHASES OF THE TESTING PROCESS

A

Pre-analysis
Analysis
Post-analysis

46
Q

refers to all the activities that take place before testing, such as test ordering and sample collection.

A

Pre-analysis

47
Q

consists of the laboratory activities that actually produce a result, such as running a sample on an automated analyzer.

A

Analysis

48
Q

comprises patient reporting and result interpretation. Collectively, all of the interrelated laboratory steps in the testing process describe its workflow

A

Post-analysis

49
Q

is an act regulating the operation and maintenance of clinical laboratories, and also requiring the registration of the same with the Department of Health providing penalty for the violation and other purposes

A

R.A. 4688 (The Clinical Laboratory Law of 1966)

50
Q

Date of approval of R.A. 4688

A

June 18 1996

51
Q

former agency assigned to ensure the health of the general public from substandard laboratories

A

Bureau of Research and Laboratories (BRL)

52
Q

rules and regulation governing the establishment, operation, and (maintenance of clinical laboratories in the Philippines

A

Administrative order 59 s. 2001

53
Q

It is the monitoring disease via examination of body fluids

A

Clinical pathology

54
Q

Examples of clinical pathology based on AO 59 s. 2001

A

• Hematology
• Clinical Chemistry
• Microbiology
• Parasitology
• Mycology Clinical
• Microscopy
• Immunohematology
• Blood Banking
• Laboratory Endocrinology
• Toxicology and Therapeutic
Drugs Monitoring

55
Q

It focuses on the examination of organs

A

Anatomic pathology

56
Q

Examples of anatomic pathology based on AO 59 s. 2001

A

• Surgical Pathology
• Immunohistopathology
• Cytology
• Autopsy
• Forensic Pathology

57
Q

The laboratory that operates within a hospital

A

Hospital-based

58
Q

The laboratory that operates on its own

A

Non-Hospital-Based

59
Q

operated and maintained partially or wholly by the national government, local government unit (provincial, city, or municipal owned), and any other political unit, department, division, board, or agency

A

Government

60
Q

owned, established, and operated by any individual, corporation, association, or organization

A

Private

61
Q

The 2 added clinical pathology based on AO 27 s. 2007

A
  • molecular biology
  • cytogenetics
62
Q

Added in anatomic pathology based on AO 27 s 2007

A

Molecular pathology

63
Q

The laboratory operates within the premises and as part of an institution, such as but not limited to hospitals, medical clinics, schools, medical facilities for OFWs and seafarers, birthing homes, psychiatric facilities, and drug rehabilitation centers

A

Institution-based

64
Q

The laboratory does not form part of any other institution

A

Free-standing

65
Q

a certification, usually by professional organizations, that designated standards have been achieved.

A

Accreditation

66
Q

the organization complies with the highest national standards for safety and quality of care, and is committed to continually improving patient care

A

Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

67
Q

ensures the test results are meeting and exceeding industry standards for clinical laboratory testing

A

College of American Pathologist

68
Q

international mark of excellence that demonstrates the facility’s commitment to quality and safety to patients, donors, regulatory agencies, and insurance companies

A

American Association of Blood Banks

69
Q

the process of establishing qualifications to perform a duty or job, usually through the formal recognition of professional or technical competence to an institution or person as having met certain requirements or standards.

A

CREDENTIALING

70
Q

refers to the process of establishing and declaring that a person has met the standards established by a professional organization.

A

CERTIFICATION

71
Q

awarded to an individual once the issuing agency can objectively quantify that he or she is qualified to perform a job or task

A

Certification

72
Q

does not give the holder a professional title

A

Certificate

73
Q

can give the holder professional title

A

Credential

74
Q

A cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the health and safety of people engaged in work or employment.

A

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY

75
Q

should be considered in the design and layout of the building

A

Safety factors

76
Q

Most common local exhaust ventilation system in laboratory

A

Fume hoods

77
Q

Infectious materials caused by microorganisms

A

Biological hazards

78
Q

-any material, that could possibly become contaminated with blood; must be
treated as having potential to carry a pathogen transmitted by blood

A

Blood borne pathogens

79
Q

Examples of blood borne pathogens

A
  • malaria
  • syphilis
  • hepatitis b
  • hiv
  • hepatitis c
80
Q

Primary method to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection

A

Wash hands

81
Q

Items that are capable to cause wounds

A

Sharp hazards

82
Q

the agency responsible for developing and enforcing regulations governing safety in the workplace

A

Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

83
Q

a document required by OSHA detailing safety information about each hazardous substance

A

Material Safety Data Sheets

84
Q

Person who are exposed to the radioactive hazard are required to wear

A

Film badge

85
Q

Are used in the procedure of radioactive hazards

A

Radio isotopes

86
Q

2 major hazards in the laboratory

A

Electrical & fire hazards

87
Q

4 essential steps to take if you discover a fire

A

RACE ( Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate )

88
Q

assigned to overall development and monitoring of safety management program

A

Safety committee

89
Q

in charge with the implementation and day to day management of the safety program

A

Safety officer

90
Q

any solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material that is discarded, abandoned, recycled, or is an inherently waste-like material

A

Solid waste

91
Q

are those that pose no immediate threat to human health and the environment

A

Non-hazardous wastes

92
Q

originates from plant or animal sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms

A

Biodegradable waste

93
Q

cannot be broken down by other living organisms

A

Non-biodegradable

94
Q

potential threat to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, and disposed.

A

Hazardous waste

95
Q

It ensures that the environment and laboratory personnel will remain safe from acquiring disease and the waste

A

Waste management

96
Q

Color of trash bin for dry & non infectious waste

A

Black

97
Q

Color of trash bin for infectious waste

A

Yellow

98
Q

Color of trash bin for wet & non infectious waste

A

Green

99
Q

Color of trash bin for sharps

A

Red

100
Q

In Administrative order 59 s. 2001, BRL is replaced by

A

Bureau of Health Facilities and Services (BHFS)