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MAM MARIFER > CARBOHYDRATES SEMIS > Flashcards

CARBOHYDRATES SEMIS Flashcards

1
Q

A polyhydroxy aldehyde, a polyhydroxy ketone, or a compound that yields polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones upon hydrolysis.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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2
Q

Also known as simple sugars
Highly soluble in water
Less soluble in ethanol
Insoluble in ether

A

MONOSACCHARIDES

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3
Q

Monosaccharides may also be classified into:

A

Tetroses
Pentoses
Hexoses

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4
Q

Formed by two molecules monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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5
Q

Are abundant in germinating barley

A

Maltose

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6
Q

Also known as cane sugar or beet sugar

A

Sucrose

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7
Q

This does not taste very sweet and is not fermented by yeast

A

Lactose

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8
Q

Found in nature function either as structural units or for storage such as starch, dextrin, glycogen, insulin

A

Polysaccharides

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9
Q

Give the 4 Polysaccharides for storage

A

Starch
Dextrin
Glycogen
Insulin

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10
Q

Give the 3 general tests for carbohydrates

A

Molisch test
Bial’s orcinol test
Seliwanoff’s test

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11
Q

The general test for carbohydrates

A

Molisch test

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12
Q

In Molisch test the sugars are with a ____

A

A-naphthol

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13
Q

The concentrated H2SO4 will dehydrate the sugar allowing it to react with the alcohol forming a _____

A

Furfural or hydroxymethyl-furfural

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14
Q

When the Molisch test result is colorless, the result is?

A

Negative

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15
Q

When the Molisch test result has a purple/violet ring, the result is?

A

Positive

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16
Q

Used to determine the presence of pentoses and nucleotides and nucleotides that contain pentose sugars

A

Bial’s Orcinol Test

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17
Q

When pentoses are treated with orcinol, furfurals are formed and they will yield a _____ compound in the presence of ferric ion

A

Blue-green compound

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18
Q

Hydroxymethyl furfural is formed from hexoses to give ________ condensation products.

A

Yellow-brown

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19
Q

In Bial’s Orcinol Test what color indicates pentoses

A

Blue-green color

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20
Q

In Bial’s Orcinol Test what color indicates hexoses (negative)

A

Yellow-brown color

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21
Q

This test is used to differentiate keohexoses from aldohexoses

A

Seliwanoff’s test

22
Q

This react faster with the solution containing hydrochloric acid and resorcinol

A

Ketohexoses

23
Q

The dehydrated positive ketohexoses form a ______

A

Bright cherry red condensation product

24
Q

Aldohexose yields a ______ that is a negative result

A

Pale pink color

25
Q

Any sugar that, in a solution, has an aldehyde or a ketone group

A

Reducing sugar

26
Q

Name the 8 reducing sugars

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Ribose
Glyceraldehyde
Xylose
Cellobiose
Lactose

27
Q

Give the 3 test based on reducing property of sugars

A

Benedict’s test
Barfoed test
Tollen’s test

28
Q

It is a very sensitive test done in mildly alkaline conditions

A

Benedict’s test

29
Q

Benedict’s reagent are composed of;

A

CuSO4
Na2CO3
Sodium citrate

30
Q

When the Benedict’s reagent changes color the result is?

A

Positive

31
Q

Used to test the presence of glucose in urine

A

Benedict’s test

32
Q

Benedicts solution and simple carbohydrates are heated, the solution changes to what color?

A

Orange red/brick red

33
Q

What is the color of the Benedict’s solution when there are traces of reducing sugar?

A

Green/yellow

34
Q

What is the color of the Benedict’s solution when there are moderate amount of reducing sugar?

A

Orange red

35
Q

What is the color of the Benedict’s solution when there are large amount of reducing sugar?

A

Brick-red

36
Q

A copper reduction test in which heating a mixture of a monosaccharides in a given time interval results in the conversion of cupric ions in the reagent to cuprous ions with the formation of copper (I) oxide seen as a brick red precipitate in the mixture

A

Barfoed Test

37
Q

Copper reduction in Barfoes’s test occurs in an

A

Acidic medium (pH 4.6)

38
Q

In Barfoed test when red precipitate is formed faster what is present?

A

Monosaccharides

39
Q

In Barfoed test when red precipitate is formed slower what is present?

A

Disaccharide

40
Q

Also known as silver mirror test

A

Tollen’s test

41
Q

Sugars with ________ are capable reducing Tollen’s reagent

A

Aldehyde groups

42
Q

What is the Tollen’s reagent?

A

Ammoniacal solution of silver

43
Q

What is the color of a positive result Tollen’s test?

A

Gray - black precipitate (silver mirror)

44
Q

Reducing sugars that reduce silver ions in the test reagent to elemental silver

A

Glucose & lactose

45
Q

Common dietary monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

46
Q

Examples of Pentose

A

Ribose & cellobiose

47
Q

2 Examples of Pentose

A

Ribose & cellubiose

48
Q

4 Examples of hexoses

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose

49
Q

Most important sugars

A

Pentoses & hexoses

50
Q

3 Examples of aldehyde

A

Glucose, maltose, galactose

51
Q

Example of ketone

A

Fructose

52
Q

Molisch test is based on dehydration by ____

A

Sulfuric acid

MAM MARIFER (2 decks)

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