Labelling And Stigmatization

Question 1

A ____ is a name that represents something

Answer 1

Label

Question 2

A label can be scientific

Answer 2

A medical diagnosis: Down syndrome, multiple sclerosis

Question 3

A label can be social

Answer 3

Peoples understanding of a situation or behaviour or assumption (slow, stupid)

Question 4

What’s type of label does medicine use to identify a group of symptoms

Answer 4

Diagnosis label

Question 5

A label is important socially because it can lead to

Answer 5

Stigma

Question 6

Stigma is?

Answer 6

Label in action: discrimination, underestimation

Question 7

if a person with dementia is labelled as “slow” then others will behave towards this person as he/she is slow even if she/she is not

Answer 7

This shows that Labels are dangerous when used like stigma

Question 8

What makes a condition stigmatizing

Answer 8

A condition is NOT stigmatizing automatically, it only is stigmatizing when it dissociates the person with the condition from other people in any way and when it makes the possessor feel shame for having it.

Question 9

Examples of diseases given stigmatizing labels

Answer 9

HIV, Down syndrome, epilepsy

Question 10

Stigma may “spoil the sufferer’s identity” It may result in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Explain this

Answer 10

if a person with dementia is labelled as “slow” then others will behave towards this person as he/she is
slow even if she/she is not.

The person may start understanding his/her self as slow.

Question 11

Stigma can lead to

Answer 11

Low self esteem
Low self efficacy
The Patient Less likely to seek medical help
The patient less likely to adhere/stick to therapy

Question 12

What is the importance about doctors knowing about stigma / stigmatizing conditions

Answer 12

• helps doctors communicate better with their patients
• understand more abt their patients, leading to patient accepting care more
• knowing that stigma could lead to chronic stress making you know that ur patient could have other health problems do to the chronic stress

Question 13

Do clinicians stigmatize patients

Answer 13

There are 2 cases where this happens
Indirectly like under estimating their patients capability to understand and directly like refusing treating a patient with HIV

Question 14

List ways we can reduce stigma and its effects on patients

Answer 14

Educating people from a young age
Inform the public about the nature, commonness/ epidemiology and causes of the disease/ disability
Educate people on what stigma is and what it could do to people
Train healthcare professionals and address stigmatizing behaviour

Educate patients how to deal w stigma

Question 15

Why are labels made

Answer 15

In order to understand and control somethings unusual or act like u do understand it

Question 16

Anything being called a form of deviance is due to it being

Answer 16

Far from the social norm (the common)

Question 17

There are two types of deviance list the

Answer 17

Primary and secondary

Question 18

Primary deviance?

Answer 18

Having a condition but not yet being medically diagnosed and labelled (the absence of an official label will not activate social reactions)

Question 19

Secondary deviance?

Answer 19

The presence of a condition and it beings officially medically diagnosed (labelled), or labelled socially when the condition becomes known by the public (labelling = social reactions)

Question 20

Why is a label imp

Answer 20

A label is important socially because it can lead to stigma and draw the boundaries between the labelled and those who are labelling

Question 21

____ is the practical consequence of labelling

Answer 21

Stigma

Question 22

To sum up look at the photo

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the types of stigma

Answer 23

Enacted
Felt
Courtesy

Question 24

Enacted= actual discrimination
give an example

Answer 24

Refused employment due to having a condition

Question 25

Felt= internalized negative feelings regarding ones self

Give an example

Answer 25

Feeling useless due to having a condition

Question 26

Courtesy= stigma by association

Give an example

Answer 26

Discrimination against a relative or the relative feels shame and guilt (basically 3rd party experiences shit)

Question 27

3 situations of stigmatization are

Answer 27

Discredited
Obtrusiveness
Discreditable

Question 28

Discredited situation of stigmatization:

Answer 28

Others know and stigmatize
Example: a person with Down’s syndrome is denied employment because his/her condition is known to potential employers

Question 29

Obtrusiveness situation with stigmatization

Answer 29

Different environments elicit different degrees of stigmatization
Example: a person on a wheel chair in a party compared to at the caf is more likely to be stigmatized because the party environment makes the wheelchair stand out more

Question 30

Discreditable situation of stigmatization

Answer 30

Others don’t know and the sufferer is afraid

Example: a person w HIV may be afraid to disclose his health status.

Question 31

Discredited
Obtrusiveness
Discreditable

Answer 31

Others know and stigmatize
Different environments effect the degree of stigmatization
Others don’t know and sufferer is scared not disclose it

Question 32

So again what are the three types of stigma and 3 situations

Answer 32

3 types
Enacted
Felt
Courtesy

3 situations
Discredited
Obtrusiveness
Discreditable

Question 33

What are the different ways sufferers respond to sigma

Answer 33

Change their appearance whether its their fashion, their hair, their body, etc.
Place emphasis on other parts of themselves, their capabilities, talents, efforts, showing their more than just a disease/disability
Present their experience as inspiring, saying it has changed their way of thinking through this experience, made them know the real imp of life

Question 34

Case
Christina visits a GP because her diabetes is out of control. When take social history from her, the GP finds
out about the following:

“I am 30 years old and my son has Down’s Syndrome. People call my son retarded. They don’t want him, their children avoid playing with him. This is so disappointing and frustrating. I had bad experiences with people who did not even want to have a relationship with me. I prefer others do not know my son has Down’s syndrome. I only want to socialise with other families with children who have the same syndrome.
guilty.”

What kind of social relations caused Christina’s to feel sad?

Answer 34

Kids not wanting to be his friend/ play with her son and people calling him retarded

Question 35

Has Christina’s son been labelled?

Answer 35

Yes.
Medically he is labelled with Down syndrome.
Socially he was labelled as retarded.

People are using the social label as a basis for their action and may mis use the scientific medical label to justify their actions.

Question 36

CASE CONTINUES…

The GP asks Christina to tell him whether she is doing anything that helps her feel better. Christina replies:

“Well, yes. Sometimes I dress my son smartly, he wears a suit, I want him to look nice.”

Why has this action caused Christina to feel better?

Answer 36

To show she cares for her son, and to dress him up smart so when others look at him he isn’t perceived as what people stigmatize him to be (retarded)

she is responding to the stigma by using the change their body/appearance method

Question 37

What types of stigma can you identify

Answer 37

Enacted (discrimination): the child is refused social interaction by other children

Question 38

What situations of stigmatization have they found themselves in (keep in mined that the situations are applicable for both the person with the disease/disability and the 2nd party)

Answer 38

Discredited: others know and have stigmatized them both

Obtrusiveness: the mother prefers socializing only with other families with children with down’s in order to reduce Obtrusiveness

Discreditable: the mother does not want others to know so that her and her son aren’t stigmatized even more

Question 39

How does the mother respond to stigma

Answer 39

Change of body: she tried to changes her sons appearance/body whatever by dressing him smartly

Question 40

Christina has a son with Down’s syndrome. Due to her son’s condition, some friends have stopped calling and socialising with her, who now feels shame for having a child with DS.What is the most likely type of stigma has she experienced?

Enacted stigma
Felt stigma
Courtesy stigma
Stigma of character
Stigma of the body

Answer 40

Enacted and felt are only applied towards the persons the disability/disease
Stigma of character we did not take
Stigma of the body we did not take, we took change of body which is when someone changes their appearance and is one of the 3 ways of dealing with stigma.

Courtesy stigma is correct because it is the 2nd party experiencing discrimination.