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MED-110 Medical Sociology > 4. LAY HEALTH BELIEFS AND ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR (PART 1) > Flashcards

4. LAY HEALTH BELIEFS AND ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR (PART 1) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What are Lay Health Beliefs?
A
  • they are the beliefs about health and illness held by people who are not medical practitioners
  • these beliefs have an impact on illness behaviour
  • they are centred around religion, social influences, media, culture, customs, traditions etc
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2
Q
  1. Can you name some subjective beliefs that people hold with regards to health?
A
  • vaccines are related to autism
  • blood transfusions can be against people’s religious beliefs
    (people can view them as a corrupt sin)
  • Covid vaccines are the cause of blood clotting and memory loss
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3
Q
  1. How do beliefs influence or behaviour with regard to health?
A
  • they can lead to patient’s going against the doctor’s advice
  • alternative medicine and traditional medicine can be preferred over western medicine
  • people can avoid visiting the doctor as they believe they know better
    (or they distrust the health system)
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4
Q
  1. What study research technique is usually used in Sociology?
A
  • qualitative research
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5
Q
  1. What are some characteristics of qualitative research?
A
  • they test fewer subjects, but they test these subjects in depth
  • the subjects are usually people that are intensely interviewed
  • much personalised information is used in this type of research
  • qualitative research is subjective
    (it is based on the observation of the tester)
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6
Q
  1. What are the 4 types of lay beliefs when it comes to what “being healthy” means?
A
  • Reserve of Health
  • Health as an Equilibrium
  • Health in a Vacuum
  • Health as a Function
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7
Q
  1. What does the Reserve of Health belief believe in?
A
  • it believes that being healthy is about having the strength to resist the disease
  • it believes that if you can handle your symptoms or condition well, then you are likely to feel healthy
  • this belief only focuses on the Physical well-being of a person
    (it does not pay attention to the social or the psychological)
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8
Q
  1. Do lay people always agree with what medicine views as ill?
A
  • NO
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9
Q
  1. What is an example of the Reserve Health belief?
A
  • a person may feel strong enough to resist the flue
  • even though they are tired and feverish
    (they are showing symptoms)
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10
Q
  1. What does it mean to view Health as an Equilibrium?
A
  • the person has a balance inside the body and the mind
  • they are generally physically and psychologically well
  • the individual feels at peace and in balance with the social world
  • they do not feel ill or truly affected by their disease
    (even if they are showing symptoms)
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11
Q
  1. What is an example of the Health as an equilibrium belief belief?
A
  • a person who is sick, but feels:
    -well-balanced physically
    • well-balanced psychologically
    • at peace with their social standing
      (not in any conflicts with other)
      WILL FEEL OR VIEW THEMSELVES AS HEALTHY
  • this is despite any presence of the condition
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12
Q
  1. What does it mean to view Health in a Vacuum?
A
  • this means that an absence of the condition equates to a person being healthy
  • when there is no official diagnosis, the person believes that they are healthy
    (even if they are showing symptoms)
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13
Q
  1. What is an example of the Health in a Vacuum belief?
A
  • a person has symptoms and is not feeling well
  • the doctor tells the patient that they are not sick at all
  • the patient whole heartedly believes the doctor’s diagnosis, and now feels that they are healthy
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14
Q
  1. Who put forward the Health as a Function belief and when?
A
  • Blaxter in 2010
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15
Q
  1. What is does it mean to view Health as a Function?
A
  • a person will feel healthy if:
    • they have the ability to do things in their everyday life
    • they can accomplish their daily tasks
    • they have the ability to achieve their personal goals
      EVEN IF THEY HAVE SYMPTOMS
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16
Q
  1. What is an example of the Health as a Function belief?
A
  • a person has a condition/sickness
  • they still feel healthy as they are at their same level of functionality
  • they can still do the things they want to do
17
Q
  1. What are the six lay health beliefs for the causes of illness?
A
  • nature
  • genetics and inheritance
  • Spirits and Gods
  • sinful behaviour
  • social relations
18
Q
  1. What does the term illness behaviour refer to?
A
  • it refers to taking action with regard to identifiable symptoms
19
Q
  1. Can you name some forms of illness behaviour/illness related action?
A
  • doing nothing
  • visiting a GP
  • asking friends and relatives for advice
  • taking medication over the counter
  • using alternative medicine
  • resting
  • self diagnosing and treatment
  • googling their symptoms
20
Q
  1. What 6 factors can influence illness behaviour?
A
  1. Beliefs about Health and Illness
  2. Knowledge of the Disease
  3. Triggers
  4. Presence of Lay Referral
  5. Encouragement for Self-Care and Self-Help
  6. Availability of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)
21
Q
  1. How do Beliefs about Health and Illness influence Illness Behaviour?
A
  • beliefs about health are subjective and can lead to a person not seeing it fit to see a doctor
  • beliefs about the causes of illness may cease a person from visiting a medical practitioner to seek help
22
Q
  1. What is another term to describe a knowledge of diseases?
A
  • Health Literacy
23
Q
  1. How does Health Literacy influence Illness Behaviour?
A
  • some patients have more medical knowledge than others
  • this knowledge can help these patients identify potential symptoms
  • this can lead to a patient visiting a medical practitioner early on in the condition and seeking help with urgency
24
Q
  1. How do Triggers influence Illness behaviour?
A
  • regardless of a patient’s cultural beliefs, they may chose to seek or not seek medical help as a result of being influenced by social triggers
  • these triggers refer to pressure from others
  • restricting and debilitating symptoms that interfere with the person’s lifestyle may also act as a trigger to make them seek medical help
    (this is the most influential trigger)
25
Q
  1. How does the Presence of Lay Referral influence illness behaviour?
A
  • family members, relatives and members of a patient’s community are all people that are part of the patient’s lay referral system
  • they provide the patient with advice and may refer them to different sources of treatment
  • this is the referral between one non-medical practitioner to another
  • patient’s use lay referral as they feel understood by the other person who may have experienced a similar illness/condition
26
Q
  1. How does the encouragement for Self-Care and Self-Help influence illness Behaviour?
A
  • it makes self treatment very common
  • this is a type of treatment that is often recommended by members of lay referral
  • headaches, migraines and period pains are examples of maladies that are often self-treated
27
Q
  1. How does the Availability of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) influence illness Behaviour?
A
  • CAM focuses on:
    - individuality
    - holism
    - self-treatment
  • CAM examples:
    - acupuncture
    - massages
    - herbal treatment
    - aromatherapy
    - yoga
  • the number of people using CAM has increased
  • the number of CAM therapists have increased
  • this has led to some people ceasing to believe in biomedicine and western medical techniques
28
Q
  1. Why has Alternative Medicine become so popular?
A
  • their is a lack of trust in doctors
  • their is a lack of trust in pharmaceutical companies
  • their is a stand against the motives of pharmaceutical companies and how they profit off of the sick
  • these medicines are viewed as more natural, healthier and safer
  • these medicines and practices have been promoted heavily in media and many other media sources
  • with the internet being so easily accessible, people can do much of their own research on these
  • people are more open-minded to experimenting with different types of health care
29
Q
  1. Read through this summary.
    Does everything make sense to you?
A
  • yes

MED-110 Medical Sociology (17 decks)

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