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MED-110 Medical Sociology > Chronic Illness Experience > Flashcards

Chronic Illness Experience Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

______ ____ refers to a condition which is long term

A

Chronic illness

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2
Q

List a few examples of chronic diseases that could last a life time

A

Diabetes
Multiple sclerosis
End stage kidney disease

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3
Q

Chronic illnesses are long term, how does this have an impact on a patients life

A

Physical and social restrictions
Treatments

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4
Q

What do we consider a contemporary phenomenon

A

Chronic illness

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5
Q

Chronic illness is found to be _____ amongst many age groups

A

Prevalent

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6
Q

Abnormalities in the functioning body is known as

A

Impairment

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7
Q

Give an example of impairment

A

Diabetes
Multiple sclerosis
Heart disease
- any medical condition/malfunction

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8
Q

What is a disability

A

Inability to perform and activity in a “normal” manner for a human being

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9
Q

Give an example of a disability

A

Needing support when walking
Intellectual disabilities like down syndrome

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10
Q

What is handicap?

A

A social disadvantage which results from the inability to fulfil a role that is normal. It’s a circumstance one may have that makes progress and success difficult. Unable to accomplish something one may want, that most others could accomplish.

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11
Q

Example of handicap

A

Disadvantage due to inability to have full time employment

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12
Q

Chronic illness means a patient is most likely going to be at a ___ and be ___

A

Disadvantage / deprived

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13
Q

Disadvantages and deprivation of chronic illness

A

Difficulties managing symptoms
Difficulties managing treatment (meds, diet, lifestyle changes)
Adjusting to their new life/realities
Psychological distress and dependence
The change in lifestyle and social isolation

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14
Q

A 22-year-old man had an accident and had a spinal cord injury. He cannot walk properly and he has to use a wheel-chair when he has to go out. Due to his experience he has difficulties to find a job and attain higher education abroad.

Where can you see impairment, disability and handicapped in the following example?

A

Impairment: spinal cord injury leading to malfunction in legs
Disability: cannot walk properly, must use wheel-chair.
Handicap: he is disadvantaged due to his circumstance and therefore, can’t find a job or attain higher education because he is handicapped

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15
Q

IMP: PSYCHOSOCIAL (SOCIAL LIFE)

What 3 consequences due to psychosocial changes for chronic patients?

A

Uncertainty
Family relations
Biographical disruption

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16
Q

Uncertainty is one of the consequences/psychosocial changes of chronic illness and has 3 forms, what are they?

A

uncertainty about the cause (why me, why now)
uncertainty about functionality (will be able to do things now)
Uncertainty related to feelings about prognosis/medical condition (what’s gonna happen to me)

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17
Q

When are feelings of uncertainty stronger

A

When a patient has more social obligations to fill

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18
Q

Family relations undergo psychosocial changes due to chronic illness and has 4 forms, what are they?

A

Reallocation of tasks (house work/ work work where the healthy partner has to compensate for the loss of work hours and salary)
Chronic patients may feel they are a burden to their families (a patient with end stage kidney disease feels like a burden and refuses any assistance)
Chronic patients may withdraw from family life (pay not participate in family gatherings)
Marital breakdown is common (the healthy space breaks up with patient or vice versa)

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19
Q

Biological disruption is one of the consequences/psychosocial changes due to chronic illness and has 2 forms, what are they?

A

Patients daily life is disrupted (patient with cancer has to withdraw from daily activities in order to undergo chemo or because they feel like shit from chemo)

Patients’ may lose what’s they understand as the most important contexts of life (career, family). This could cause them chronic stress leading to other health problems

20
Q

A patient has a new disability and its making him lose what important to him within his life, he is finding no purpose. The patient now has cardiovascular disease as well. This is due to

A

CHRONIC STRESS from finding no meaning to his life anymore

21
Q

When managing chronic illnesses, resources are significant especially to support independent living (living alone)

A

Health care
Proper housing
Shopping services
Psychological support (therapy)
Social networks (friends/ relationships)

22
Q

The Alcott parsons principle is

A

To achieve stability, doctors and patients have to adopt a specific role

23
Q

Use their knowledge
Treat patients
Fair treatment
This is the

A

Doctors role

24
Q

What is a patients social roles

A

Nobody blames them
They are excused from social activities
Expected to seek help
Expected to return to social activities

25
Q

The sick role can be applicable for

A

Acute and chronic conditions

26
Q

In acute conditions

A

Patients adopt sick role and get well

27
Q

In chronic conditions

A

Patients adopt the sick role and improve they’re condition/quality of life

28
Q

The purpose of the sick role is to

A

Return to normal social roles= to achieve social stability

29
Q

The sick role is faulty because

A

Patients may get well quickly and never enter the sick role from the start (infection or flue which may not require medical attention)

Patients may have lethal disease not allowing them to have the sick role because they finish it (incurable cancer, severe brain injury. This may even mean patients have entered the sick role but can’t complete it because they can’t get better

‘Patients might not be legitimate to adopt the sick role (HIV/ AIDS, society doesn’t care abt these patients entering sick role and improving their condition then returning to their social roles to to stigmatization ands social exclusion against these types of patients)

30
Q

Biographical disruption has two types

A
  • disruption of what patients take for granted (daily routine)
  • disruption of patients biography (family, education, career)
31
Q

True or false: different chronic conditions elicit different experiences

A

True

32
Q

More social obligations could make the impact of the condition greater, give an example between younger vs older patient

A

younger vs older patients with end-stage kidney
disease (same disease).Younger patients express stronger negative attitudes because they have not fulfilled as many personal goals so they have more to get done and have more social obligations.

33
Q

Patients respond to disruption/ their lowest point through

A

Negotiation

34
Q

Negotiation refers to patients renegotiating with their new ill self meaning

A

They are looking for ways to feel better, negotiation is understanding themselves again

35
Q

3 ways patients negotiate with themselves to try to feel better respond to disruption?

A

Coping: cognitive process, to compare ones self with other patients who have it worse
Strategy: action taken by patient, start new hobbies and to participate in patient groups basically keeping themselves distracted
Style: the way patients deal with their condition (using humour, or take full control of the condition)

36
Q

Andreas Andreou is 34 years old and suffers from multiple sclerosis, he is married with 3 children and he works at a constructions company. Though nobody blamed him for what happened, he was depressed when he was first diagnosed. At the beginning, he had difficulties to walk the stairs, and later he could not work full time. He had to change his daily life and felt as he was losing his family, his work etc. His wife had to work more. He has been describing himself as “half human”. He feels the social expectations of having his condition improved and returning to his normal social roles.

What social aspects can u identify

A
37
Q

Andreas Andreou is 34 years old and suffers from multiple sclerosis, he is married with 3 children and he works at a constructions company. Though nobody blamed him for what happened, he was depressed when he was first diagnosed. At the beginning, he had difficulties to walk the stairs, and later he could not work full time. He had to change his daily life and felt as he was losing his family, his work etc. His wife had to work more. He has been describing himself as “half human”. He feels the social expectations of having his condition improved and returning to his normal social roles.

What does Andreas mean by half human?

A
  • he can’t fulfill his goals as he would normally, feels inadequate.
38
Q

CASE CONTINUES…

Though Andreas feels he is “half-human”, he sometimes feels better. He managed to return to his full-time duties. He compares himself with other patients who cannot work and he participates in patient groups to help other patients. Andreas also says that he has full control of his condition now like he controls and duties and responsibilities at work.

What made Andreas feel better

A

Compares himself- coping
He made a change in mindset, went back to work -strategy
feels like he has control over his condition (style)- form of negotiation

39
Q

CASE CONTINUES…

Though Andreas feels he is “half-human”, he sometimes feels better. He managed to return to his full-time duties. He compares himself with other patients who cannot work and he participates in patient groups to help other patients. Andreas also says that he has full control of his condition now like he controls and duties and responsibilities at work.

What mechanisms is he activating?

A
40
Q

What psychosocial changes has Andreas experienced

A

Impairment (the disease itself)
Handicap (lost his job)
Degenerative chronic condition
Disability
His lifestyle has changed
Family tasks have been reallocated

41
Q

Has Andreas entered the sick role

A

Nobody blames him
Felt the social expectations
Sought for help
Returned to social activities

So he got sick, felt guilt, got help, got better = yes he entered the sick role

42
Q

Has he experiences biographical disruption?

A
  • daily routine changes (disruption of what he took for granted) CHECK
  • lost his identity, he was afraid of losing his family and his career: “half human” (disruption of patients biography) CHECK
  • Physically: he felt weak - taken for granted
  • socially: he found difficulty in fulfilling social obligations -taken for granted

Yes he has.

43
Q

Though Andreas feels he is “half-human”, he sometimes feels better. He managed to return to his full-time duties. He compares himself with other patients who cannot work and he participates in patient groups to help other patients. Andreas also says that he has full control of his condition now like he controls and duties and responsibilities at work.

What types of negotiation has Andreas activated?

A

He compared himself with other patients (coping)
He participates in patient groups (strategy)
He is the “manager” of his disease (style)

So all 3 types

44
Q

Summarize

A

Chronic illness leads to psychosocial changes
Patient adopts the sick role
Patients’ biography is disrupted
Patients negotiate with their new self band cab respond positively

45
Q

George Charilaou was diagnosed with end-stage kidney and he is currently under hemodialysis. He is very anxious because he feels that he is not as productive at work as before. He feels that he cannot support his family as before. Based on Michael Bury’s sociological theory of chronic illness, what kind of disruption best describes this patient’s experience?

a. Disruption of his biography
b. Disruption of his bodily integrity
C. Disruption of his independence
d. Disruption of his daily routine
e. Disruption of his quality of life

A

A) because it has to do with family and work life. disruption of what he takes for granted is the only other one and daily routine being affected falls under that

MED-110 Medical Sociology (17 decks)

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