LAB1. The Microscope Flashcards
Instrument equipped with various lenses that is used to magnify objects that are not easily seen by the naked eye
Microscope
He was a Dutch scientist who is commonly known as the “Father of Microbiology.”
He made significant contributions to the field of microscopy and the understanding of microscopic organisms.
He is renowned for his development and improvement of the microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
2 basic principles of microscopes (what do they do?)
- Magnification
- Resolution
It means the number of times the image of an object is enlarged compared with the actual size of the object when seen by the unaided eye
Magnification
The ability to see objects that are close together distinctly
Resolution
What is the Total Magnification Formula?
Ocular magnification X Objective magnification = Total Magnification
Ex.
(10x) X (40x) = 400x
What is resolving power of human eye?
0.02 mm
What is resolving power of compound light microscope?
0.2 micrometers (μm)
What is resolving power of transmission electron microscope?
0.2 nanometers (nm)
These types of microscopes are based on the simple principle of light and lens
Light Microscope
Light microscope that uses single lens
Simple Light Microscope
Light microscope that uses a set of lens or lens system (transmitted light)
Compund Light Microscope
Light microscope that uses a set of lens or lens system (reflected light)
Dissceting Light Microscope
__________ is an optical instrument which consists of a single lens or magnifying glass set in a frame; it has low magnifying power and produces an enlarge upright image of an object.
Simple or single microscope
Light microscope that uses a set of lens or lens system (reflected electron beam)
Scanning Electron Microscope
__________ is an optical instrument that can magnify an image up to several hundred times the actual size of an object.
Compound microscope
__________ is essentially two microscopes, one for each eye, mounted on a single body for convenient use.
Stereoscopic microscope
__________ can magnify an image several thousand times the actual size of a very minute object which cannot be perceived even by the most powerful lenses of an optical microscope.
Electron microscope
Light microscope that uses a set of lens or lens system (transmitted electron beam)
Transmission Electron Microscope
In light microscopy, objects are measured in __________
Micrometers (μm)
1 micrometer (μm) is equal to:
1/1000th of 1 mm
In electron microscopy, objects are measured in __________
Nanometers (nm)
1 nanometer (nm) is equal to:
1/1000th of 1 μm
3 Parts of Compund Microscope (3)
- Mechanical Parts
- Magnifying Parts
- Illuminating Parts
What is the function of mechanical parts of microscope?
Used to support and adjust the parts
What is the function of magnifying parts of microscope?
Used to enlarge the specimen
What is the function of illuminating parts of microscope?
Used to provide light
Bottom most part of microscope used to support the entire/ lower microscope
Base
Part above the base that supports the other parts
Pillar
Allows for tilting of the microscope for convenience of user
Inclination Joint
Curved/ slanted part which is held while carrying the microscope
Arm/neck
Platform with a central aperture where the object to be examined is placed
Stage
Secures the specimen to the stage
Stage clips
Attached to the arm and bears the objective lens
Body tube
Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that holds the ocular lenses
Draw tube
Rotating disc where the objectives are attached
Revolving/ Rotating Nosepiece
Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dusts from settling on the objectives
Dust shield
Geared to the body tube which elevates or lowers when rotated, bringing the object into approximate focus
Coarse adjustment knob
A smaller knob for delicate focusing bringing the object into perfect focus
Fine adjustment knob
Elevates and lowers the condenser to regulate the intensity of light
Condenser adjustment knob
Lever infront of the condenser and which is moved horizontally to open/close the diaphragm
Iris Diaphragm Lever
Located beneath the stage and has concave and plane surfaces to gather and diect light in order to illuminate the object
Mirror
A built-in illuminator beneath the stage that may be used if sunlight is is not preferred or available
Electric lamp
Regulates the amount of light necessary to obtain a clearer view of the object
Iris diaphragm
A set of lenses between the mirror and the stage that concentrates light rays on the specimen
Condenser
Another set of lens found on top of the body tube which functions to furthe rmagnify the image produced by the objective lens. It usually ranges form 5x to 15x
Ocular or Eyepiece
Metal cyclinders attached below the nosepiece and contains especially ground and polished lenses
Objectives
Gives the lowest magnification, usually 10x
LPO or Low Power Objective
Gives higher magnification, usually 40x or 43x
HPO or High Power Objective
Gives the highest magnification usually 97x or 100x and is used with either cedarwood oil or synthetic oil
OIO or Oil Immersion Objective
Can magnify up to 4x
Scanner objective
