Lab Values/Monitoring

Question 1

Life span of a RBC

Answer 1

~120 Days

Question 2

life span of platelets

Answer 2

7-10 days

Question 3

hemogram stick chart order starting on left and going clockwise

Answer 3

WBC
Hgb
PLT
Hct

Question 4

top of a fish bone diagram

Answer 4

Na Cl BUN

Question 5

bottom of fishbone diagram

Answer 5

K HCO3 SCr

Question 6

What type of cells produce RBC, WBC, and platelets

Answer 6

hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow

Question 7

which WBC are granulocytes?

Answer 7

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 8

define leukocytosis

Answer 8

high WBC

Question 9

define leukopenia

Answer 9

low WBC

Question 10

Define myelosuppresion

Answer 10

decreased rbc, wbc, and platelets

Question 11

define agranulocytosis

Answer 11

decrease granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 12

When do we need to calculate corrected calcium?

Answer 12

when albumin is low

Question 13

what drugs can cause increased calcium?

Answer 13

vitamin D

thiazides

Question 14

what drugs can decrease calcium

Answer 14

steroids, heparin, loops, bisphophonates, cinacalcet

Question 15

what drugs can decrease Magnesium

Answer 15

PPIs, diuretics

Question 16

when can Phosphate be elevated

Answer 16

renal failure

Question 17

what drugs can increase K

Answer 17

ACE, ARBs, aldosterone receptor antagonists, aliskiren, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Bactrim, drospirenone containing birth control

Question 18

What drugs can decrease K

Answer 18

beta-2 agonists, diuretics, insulin

Question 19

what drugs can decrease SCr

Answer 19

aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, colistimethate, cyclosporine, loops, polymyxin, NSAIDs, dye, tacrolimus, vanco

Question 20

what does an anion gap indicate?

Answer 20

metabolic acidosis

Question 21

what do bands indicate?

Answer 21

a “left shift” immature neutrophils are being released from the bone marrow in attempts to fight off infection

Question 22

what can elevate the MCV (mean copuscular volume)

Answer 22

B12 or folate deficiency

Question 23

what can decrease mcv

Answer 23

iron deficiency

Question 24

what is a coombs test?

Answer 24

determines whether anemia is hemolytic or drug-induced

Question 25

what dose a postive coombs test indicate

Answer 25

Drug-induced hemolysis occuring… d/c drug

Question 26

What is G6PD

Answer 26

a deficiency of this can lead to hemolytic anemia and can be triggered by drugs: dapsone, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, rasburicase, sulfonamides

Question 27

which labs are considered “cardiac enzymes” and can indicate MI and HF when elevated?

Answer 27

troponin

BNP

Question 28

which lab evaluates beta cell function?

Answer 28

C-peptide

*can indicate type I vs type II

Question 29

which indicates hypothyroidism: when TSH is high or low?

Answer 29

high = hypothyroidism

Question 30

which hormone is detected in urine to determine pregnancy?

Answer 30

hCG

Question 31

which antibody test screens for syphillis?

Answer 31

RPR (rapid plasma reagin)

Question 32

Deficiency of TPMT can increase risk of ______ with drugs like ______ and ___________

Answer 32

increase risk of myelosuppression with azatioprine and mercaptopurine

Question 33

Therapeutic range: carbamazepine

Answer 33

4-12mcg/mL

Question 34

Therapeutic range: digoxin

Answer 34

0. 8-2 (afib)

0. 5-0.9 (HF)

Question 35

Therapeutic range: gentamicin

Answer 35

peak: 5-10mcg/ml
trough: <2 mcg/ml

Question 36

Therapeutic range: lithium

Answer 36

0.6 - 1.2

Question 37

free phenytoin

Answer 37

1-2.5

Question 38

vancomycin

Answer 38

trough: 15-20 for serious infections

10-15 for others