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NAPLEX 2021 > Emergency Preparedness, Toxicology and Antidotes > Flashcards

Emergency Preparedness, Toxicology and Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

What should be administered if overdose of Bengay is suspected?

A

Bicarbonate

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2
Q

What is the reversal agent of MTX

A

leucovorin (folinic acid)

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3
Q

why is leucovorin used for MTX overdose?

A

it provides folate rescue

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4
Q

what are some symptoms of opioid overdose?

A

pinpoint pupils, blue lips, shallow breathing, unresponsive to commands

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5
Q

What drug class is indicated for stimulant overdose especially in cases of agitation and seizure?

A

BZDs

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6
Q

What is an option if a child has sprayed a household chemical in their eyes and states it’s burning

A

rinse gently with tap or hose water for 15 minutes then seek medical attention

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7
Q

Child resistant container yes or no: monthly pillboxes

A

no

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8
Q

Child resistant container yes or no: flip caps

A

no

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9
Q

Child resistant container yes or no: unit-dose packaging

A

yes

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10
Q

Child resistant container yes or no: card adherence packaging

A

yes

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11
Q

treatment for overdose of isoniazid

A

pyridoxine (B6)

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12
Q

what type of lab abnormality would be expected in a patient with alcohol overdose

A

increased anion gap

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13
Q

MOA of n-acetylcysteine in APAP overdose

A

increases glutathione to increase conversion of NAPQI to non-toxic substrates

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14
Q

Reversal agent for Xarelto

A

Andexxa

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15
Q

what is the rumack-mathew nomogram?

A

used to plot acetaminophen levels to predict probability of hepatoxicity. If probable or possible, NAC should be administered

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16
Q

Digoxin antidote

A

DigiFab (digoxin immune antibody), Digibind

17
Q

Antidote for iron overdose

A

defeoxamine (chelating agent)

deferiprone and deferasirox for iron overload in blood transfusions

18
Q

Heparin reversal agent

A

protamine

19
Q

_____ Should be administered during alcohol intoxication to prevent ______

A

Thiamine for encephalopathy

20
Q

Glucagon can be used during hypoglycemia due to insulin and oral hypoglycemics but also for overdose of what?

A

beta blockers!

21
Q

obtunded and QRS complex widening could indicate overdose with ______ so _____ should be used

A

TCA overdose, use sodium bicarb

22
Q

What is CI in G6PD deficiency

A

methylene blue

23
Q

MOA of atropine

A

blocks acetycholine at the muscarinic receptor: treats cholinergic symptoms from organphosphate poisoning or other cholinergic drugs

24
Q

Symptoms that could be possible after contact with an organophosphate pesticide

A

eye tearing, salivation, vomiting, frequent bowel movements (CHOLINERGIC Symptoms)

25
Q

What to give for a calcium channel blocker overdose (diltiazem)

A

calcium chloride or calcium glucagon

26
Q

what is a CI for use of activated charcol

A

unprotected airway

27
Q

What happens during phase 1 of acetaminophen overdose? (1-24 hours post ingestion)

A

asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms like N/V

28
Q

what symptoms would you see later in APAP overdose (after phase 1)

A

hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, renal failure

29
Q

Reversal agent for dabigatran (Pradaxa)

A

Praxbind or Indarucizumab

30
Q

Antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol overdose

A

1st line: Fomepizole

2nd line: ethanol

31
Q

what is the MOA of fomepizole and what is it used to treat

A

competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase which converts ANTIFREEZE to its toxic metabolites

32
Q

What is used for snake bites (rattlesnack and copperheads)

A

CroFab (crotalidae polyvalent immune antibody)

33
Q

What’s an early symptom of nicotine overdose?

A

abdominal pain, nausea, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors

34
Q

what are late symptoms of nicotine overdose?

A

bradycardia, dyspnea, lethargy, coma, seizures

35
Q

What is used in cyanidetoxicity

A

hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) and Nithiodote (sodium thiosulfate + sodium nitrate)

36
Q

What is dangerous about nitroprusside

A

can cause cyanide toxicity if renal insufficiency present or prolonged use

37
Q

what type of symptoms would ingestion of belladonna or night shade cause?

A

anticholinergic: dry skin, flushing, blurry vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycarida

38
Q

How long after ingestion can activated charcoal be used and considered effective?

A

1 hour post ingestion

NAPLEX 2021 (28 decks)

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