Emergency Preparedness, Toxicology and Antidotes Flashcards
What should be administered if overdose of Bengay is suspected?
Bicarbonate
What is the reversal agent of MTX
leucovorin (folinic acid)
why is leucovorin used for MTX overdose?
it provides folate rescue
what are some symptoms of opioid overdose?
pinpoint pupils, blue lips, shallow breathing, unresponsive to commands
What drug class is indicated for stimulant overdose especially in cases of agitation and seizure?
BZDs
What is an option if a child has sprayed a household chemical in their eyes and states it’s burning
rinse gently with tap or hose water for 15 minutes then seek medical attention
Child resistant container yes or no: monthly pillboxes
no
Child resistant container yes or no: flip caps
no
Child resistant container yes or no: unit-dose packaging
yes
Child resistant container yes or no: card adherence packaging
yes
treatment for overdose of isoniazid
pyridoxine (B6)
what type of lab abnormality would be expected in a patient with alcohol overdose
increased anion gap
MOA of n-acetylcysteine in APAP overdose
increases glutathione to increase conversion of NAPQI to non-toxic substrates
Reversal agent for Xarelto
Andexxa
what is the rumack-mathew nomogram?
used to plot acetaminophen levels to predict probability of hepatoxicity. If probable or possible, NAC should be administered
Digoxin antidote
DigiFab (digoxin immune antibody), Digibind
Antidote for iron overdose
defeoxamine (chelating agent)
deferiprone and deferasirox for iron overload in blood transfusions
Heparin reversal agent
protamine
_____ Should be administered during alcohol intoxication to prevent ______
Thiamine for encephalopathy
Glucagon can be used during hypoglycemia due to insulin and oral hypoglycemics but also for overdose of what?
beta blockers!
obtunded and QRS complex widening could indicate overdose with ______ so _____ should be used
TCA overdose, use sodium bicarb
What is CI in G6PD deficiency
methylene blue
MOA of atropine
blocks acetycholine at the muscarinic receptor: treats cholinergic symptoms from organphosphate poisoning or other cholinergic drugs
Symptoms that could be possible after contact with an organophosphate pesticide
eye tearing, salivation, vomiting, frequent bowel movements (CHOLINERGIC Symptoms)
What to give for a calcium channel blocker overdose (diltiazem)
calcium chloride or calcium glucagon
what is a CI for use of activated charcol
unprotected airway
What happens during phase 1 of acetaminophen overdose? (1-24 hours post ingestion)
asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms like N/V
what symptoms would you see later in APAP overdose (after phase 1)
hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure, renal failure
Reversal agent for dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Praxbind or Indarucizumab
Antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol overdose
1st line: Fomepizole
2nd line: ethanol
what is the MOA of fomepizole and what is it used to treat
competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase which converts ANTIFREEZE to its toxic metabolites
What is used for snake bites (rattlesnack and copperheads)
CroFab (crotalidae polyvalent immune antibody)
What’s an early symptom of nicotine overdose?
abdominal pain, nausea, diaphoresis, tachycardia, tremors
what are late symptoms of nicotine overdose?
bradycardia, dyspnea, lethargy, coma, seizures
What is used in cyanidetoxicity
hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) and Nithiodote (sodium thiosulfate + sodium nitrate)
What is dangerous about nitroprusside
can cause cyanide toxicity if renal insufficiency present or prolonged use
what type of symptoms would ingestion of belladonna or night shade cause?
anticholinergic: dry skin, flushing, blurry vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycarida
How long after ingestion can activated charcoal be used and considered effective?
1 hour post ingestion
