Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Lab Values & Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

carbamazepine

A

4-12 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

digoxin

A
  1. 8-2 ng/mL (Afib)

0. 5-0.9 ng/mL (HF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gentamicin (traditional dosing)

A

Peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
Trough: < 2 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lithium

A

0.6-1.2 mEq/L (up to 1.5 mEq/L for acute symptoms), drawn as trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phenytoin/fosphenytoin

A

10-20 mcg/mL; if albumin is low, correct serum level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Free Phenytoin

A

1-2.5 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

procainamide

A

4-10 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NAPA (procainamide active metabolite)

A

15-25 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

procainamide + NAPA (combined)

A

10-30 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

theophylline

A

5-15 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tobramycin (traditional dosing)

A

peak: 5-10 mcg/mL
trough: < 2 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

valproic acid (VPA)

A

50-100 mcg/mL (up to 150 mcg/mL in some patients); if albumin is low, correct serum level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vancomycin

A

trough: 15-20 mcg/mL for most serious infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

warfarin

A

Goal INR is 2-3 for most indications; 2.5-3.5 with mechanical mitral valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RBCs have an average life span of…

A

120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The CBC includes…

A

WBC, Hbg, Hct, Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes…

A

Na, K, Cl, HCO3, BUN, SCr, and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) includes…

A

everything in the BMP plus albumin, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, and total protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Leukocytosis refers to…

A

increased WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Polycythemia refers to..

A

increased RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thrombocytosis refers to…

A

increased platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Leukopenia refers to…

A

decreased WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thrombocytopenia refers to…

A

decreased platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Myelosuppression refers to…

A

decreased WBCs, RBCs and platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Agranulocytosis refers to…

A

decreased granulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Agranulocytosis can be due to…

A

clozapine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, procainamide, carbamazepine, SMX/TMP and isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is…

A

low in patients with G6PD deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The RBC destruction with G6PD deficiency is triggered by…

A

stress, foods (fava beans) or these drugs: dapsone, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, rasburicase, sulfonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which drugs can contribute to low sodium levels?

A

carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, SSRIs, diuretics, desmopressin

30
Q

TG, a 72-year-old male, is hospitalized with a PE. HE is receiving unfractionated heparin initiated at a rate of 1,000 units/hr. The control value at the hospital is 22-38 seconds. Select the correct test and appropriate treatment level for this patient.

A

aPTT, 44 seconds (Tx goal: 1.5x-2.5x control)

31
Q

Which medications can cause Ca levels to increase?

A

Ca supplements, vitamin D, thiazide diuretics

32
Q

Which medications can cause Ca levels to decrease?

A

systemic steroids, long-term heparin, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, foscarnet, topiramate

33
Q

Which medications can cause decreased bicarbonate levels and metabolic acidosis?

A

topiramate, zonisamide, salicylate OD

34
Q

Which medications can cause increased bicarbonate levels?

A

loop diuretics, systemic steroids

35
Q

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) can be caused by many drugs including:

A

anti-TNF agents, hydralazine, isoniazid, methimazole, methyldopa, minocycline, procainamide, propylthiouracil, quinidine, terbinafine

36
Q

Calcium, total. Correct if albumin is low.

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

37
Q

Calcium, ionized.

A

4.5-5.1 mg/dL

38
Q

Chloride

A

95-106 mEq/L

39
Q

Magnesium (Mg)

A

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

40
Q

Phosphate (P)

A

2.3-4.7 mg/dL

41
Q

Potassium (K)

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

42
Q

Sodium (Na)

A

135-145 mEq/L

43
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3 or “bicarb”)

A

Venous: 24-30 mEq/L
Arterial: 22-26 mEq/L

44
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

7-20 mg/dL

45
Q

Serum creatinine

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

46
Q

Anion gap (AG)

A

5-12 mEq/L

47
Q

Magnesium levels can increase due to…

A

Mg-containing antacids and laxatives with renal impairment.

48
Q

Magnesium levels can decrease due to…

A

PPIs, diuretics, amphotericin B, foscarnet, echinocandins, diarrhea, chronic alcohol intake

49
Q

Potassium levels can increase due to…

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone receptor antagonists (ARAs), aliskiren, canagliflozin, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, K supplements, SMX/TMP, drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives, chronic heparin use, NSAIDs, pentamidine

50
Q

Potassium levels can decrease due to…

A

steroids, beta-2 agonists, conivaptan, diuretics, insulin, mycophenolate (both increase and decrease)

51
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

increased in renal impairment and dehydration. Used with SCr (eg. BUN:Scr ratio) to assess fluid status and renal function

52
Q

anion gap= (Na+ K) – (Cl + HCO3)

A

Calculated, but may be reported. The presence of an increased anion gap suggests metabolic acidosis.

53
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

A

4,000-11,000 cells/mm^3

54
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

A

Used to diagnose and monitor infection/inflammation. Can increase as an acute phase reactant, indicated a systemic rxn to inflammation or stress.

55
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs) can increase due to…

A

systemic steroids, colony-stimulating factors, epinephrine

56
Q

White Blood Cells (WBCs) can decrease due to…

A

clozapine, chemo that targets the bone marrow, carbamazepine, cephalosporins, immunosuppressants (eg. DMARDs, biologics), procainamide, vancomycin

57
Q

Neutrophils (aka “segs”, polymorphonuclear cells)

A

45-73%

58
Q

Bands

A

3-5%

59
Q

Eosinophils

A

0-5%

60
Q

Basophils

A

0-1%

61
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-40%

62
Q

Monocytes

A

2-8%

63
Q

Bands are…

A

immature neutrophils released from bone marrow to fight infection (called a “left shift”)

64
Q

Eosinophils can go up in…

A

drug allergy, asthma, inflammation, and parasitic infection

65
Q

Basophils can go up in…

A

inflammation, hypersensitivity reaction, leukemia

66
Q

Lymphocytes can go up in…

A

viral infections, lymphoma

67
Q

Lymphocytes can go down in…

A

bone marrow suppression, HIV or due to systemic steroids

68
Q

Monocytes can go up in…

A

chronic infections, inflammation, stress

69
Q

The direct Coombs Test is used to…

A

determine the cause of hemolytic anemia. It is positive in drug-induced hemolysis caused by penicillins and cephalosporins (long-term use and high doses), dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, nitrofurantoin, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, quinine, rasburicase, rifampin, and sulfonamides. If positive, stop the drug.

70
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-450,000/mm^3

71
Q

Spontaneous bleeding can occur when…

A

platelets are <20,000/mm^3. Platelets can decrease due to heparin, LMWHs, fondaparinux, glycoprotein IIb/IIIb receptor antagonists, linezolid, valproic acid, chemo that targets bone marrow

NAPLEX (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions