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Module 2 Exam 2 > Lab Values and Data > Flashcards

Lab Values and Data Flashcards

1
Q

What are Labs for?

A
  • Screening
  • Diagnosis
  • Monitoring
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2
Q

What do Urine studies look at and screen?

A
  • Kidney funciton
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3
Q

What can urine reflect?

A

blood levels

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4
Q

What is a UA screening for?

A
  • Infection
  • Renal Function
  • Acid-Base Balance
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5
Q

What does a very dark and tea like urine indicate?

A

Liver issues

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What does a urinalysis screen for?

A
  • Infection
  • Renal Function
  • Acid-Base Balance
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8
Q

What can very dark-tea like urine indicate?

A

Liver issues

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9
Q

What do Timed Urine Specimen tests assess

A

Substances excreted over time and how ti effects our body’s hydration, metabolism, and position

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10
Q

If a Timed Urine Specimen is taken at specific predetermined times, what is it monitoring?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Urobiligen
  • Nitrates
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11
Q

If urine tests are taken over 2 hours what is it monitoring>

A

Postprandial glucose (may be compared to blood samples)

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12
Q

What do we assess when we take 24hour urine samples/tests?

A
  • Hormones
  • Proteins
  • Creatinine
  • Kidney función
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13
Q

How do we keep urine stored if doing a 24hr urine test?

A

Kept cool

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14
Q

When do we start a 24hr test?

A

When a pt goes to void, we discard that first one then record the rest

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15
Q

What does a creatinine clearance measure?

A

Rate and efficiency of kidney filtration

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16
Q

How do kidney function and creatinine levels relate?

A

Inversely, more creatine means lower kidney function

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17
Q

Creatine clearance can detect…

A

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys

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18
Q

What does osmolality measure?

A

Dissolved particles in urine

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19
Q

What does osmolality determine?

A
  • Kidney concentrating ability
  • Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
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20
Q

How does urine osmolality relate to blood osmolality?

A

1:3 ratio (Urine:Blood)

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21
Q

Equation for osmolality?
What can give a rough estimate?

A

2(Na) + BUN/3 + Glucose/18
2(Na) is a rough estimate

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22
Q

High osmolality lvls in blood indicates?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Na/Glucose
  • HHNK or DKA (Type 2 or 1 diabetes)
  • Diuretic therapy
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23
Q

Low lvls of osmolality indicates?

A
  • Over hydration
  • SIADH (Syndrome Innapropiate Anti Diuretic Hormone)
  • CA
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24
Q

Prealbumin measures…

A

Nutrition statues and liver function

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25
What do we try to determine with culture and sensitivity
Determines safest, most effective, and cheapest medication/treatment
26
When do we do Gram Stains? What do we usually test?
- When there's suspected bacterial infections - Sputum
27
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring determines..
Effective Dose to prevent toxicity
28
Prothrombin Time assesses...
Coagulation of blood
29
International normalizing ratio assesses...
Warfarin Therapy
30
PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) assesses...
Coagulation or Heparin Therapy
31
High levels of PTT indicates
- Clotting Deficiency - Cirrhosis - Heparin
32
Low levels of PTT indicates...
Ovary, pancreas, colon CA
33
CBC is used to diagnose...
- Anemias - Bleeding disorders - Infections - Blood cell changes
34
CBC includes
- WBC - RBC - HCT - HGB - Platelet count
35
High neutrophils is associated with...
Bacteria and Trauma
36
High eosinophils associated with...
Allergies and parasytes
37
Basophils are high during
healing process
38
Lymphocytes are high during
Chronic bacterial and viral infections
39
HCT measures
Amount of Pure Red Blood Cells within 100mL of blood
40
High HCT indicates
- Dehydration - Diuretics - Burns
41
Low HCT levels indicates
- Old age - Anemias - Over hydration
42
Hgb acts as a...
Acid-Balance buffer system
43
High Hgb levels indicates...
- Dehydration - CHF - Lung Disease - Heavy Smokers
44
- Low Hgb levels indicates
- Anemias - Hemorrhage - Hodhkions - Kidney disease
45
CMP measures...
- Electrolyte balance - Kidney/Liver function - BS levels - Acid-Base balance - Blood Proteins!!
46
What does a BMP measure?
- Kidneys - BS - Electrolyte and Acid-Base balance
47
High Glucose indicates...
- DM - IV Fluids - Trauma - Surgery - Infection - MI:
48
Low Glucose indicates?
- Insulin overdose - Hypothyroidism - Liver Disease
49
Sodium tests monitor?
FLuid/electrolyte/acid-base balance
50
Low Na levels can predict...
Neuro issues
51
Potassiums mainly plays a role in...
The Heart and some renal function
52
Chloride is related to...
Na
53
Chloride regulates
Amount of fluid in the body and acid-base balance
54
High Cl indicates...
Kidney dysfunction
55
CO2 screens for...
electrolyte and acid base imbalances
56
If CO2 is bad then how do we test further?
ABG
57
BUN
Blood Urine Nitrogen
58
BUN measures
liver, metabolic, and kidney excretory function
59
Urea
Leftovers that are excreted from protein breakdown
60
BUN related to
Creatinine
61
Low BUN related to
- Malnutrition - Liver damage
62
Creatinine tests are more specific for...
Kidney functions
63
Creatinine
Waste product in blood and urine
64
Calcium is related to ____ how?
- Phosphorus - Inversely
65
Magnesium is needed for
Neuromuscular (Cardiac) activity
66
Low Mg means
Low Ca and K
67
Mg monitors...
Neuromuscular and renal fxn
68
Total Protein maintains...
Osmotic Pressure within vascular spaces
69
Albumin maintains
Colloidal osmotic pressure
70
Albumin transports
- blood - hormones - Enzymes
71
Albumin is related to...
Tissue growth and HEALING
72
Low albumin shows...
Edema
73
Total Bilirubin monitors
Liver Function
74
Total Bilirubin can give an...
overall picture of liver function
75
Total bilirubin made from
breakdown of old RBC's
76
Bilirubin can show
Liver drainage duct obstructions
77
AST can detect
Liver injury and MI
78
ALT screens for
liver disease and injury
79
IF the liver is damaged what rises almost immediately?
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)

Module 2 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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