IV Therapy Use Flashcards
What is the fastest delivery method of anything into our bodies?
IV Therapy/Administration
4 Main Advantages of IV Therapy
- Replace Fluid
- Transfuse Blood
- Deliver Medication
- Correct Electrolyte Imbalances
8 Disadvantages of IV Therapy use
- Adverse Reactions
- Incompatibilities
- Infections
- Damage
- Fluid overload
- OD
- Hindrance
- Potentiates electrolyte imbalance
Why is it really hard to fix an error made with IV use?
It is immediately put into the blood stream where it is absorbed the fastest
3 Isotonic Solutions
- D5W: 5% Dextrose in Water
- NS: 0.9% Sodium Chloride
- LR: Lactated Ringers
Main use of Isotonic solutions
To replace fluid volume
Danger of Dextrose
It can be metabolized quickly and become hypertonic
1 Risk of Hypotonic Solutions
More risk of inter cranial pressure
4 types of Hypotonic solutions
- 1/2 NS: 0.45% NaCl
- 1/3 NS: 0.33% NaCl
- 1/4 NS: 0.25% NaCl
- 2.5 DW: 2.5% NaCl
How do hypotonic and hypertonic solutions affect osmolarity?
Hypo: lowers it
Hyper: raises it
When are Hypertonic solutions commonly used?
Post op to reduce edema risk
4 types of Hypertonic solutions
- D5 1/2 NS: 5% Dextrose 0.45 NaCl
- D5NS: 5 Dextrose 0.9% NaCl
- D5LR: 5% Dextrose Lacerated Ringers
- D10W: 10% Dextrose in Water
Who is D10W good for?
Pt’s moving away from TPN
Hypovolemia
Fluid Deficit of isotonic fluid in extracellular spaces
Hypovolemia Caused By
- Fluid loss
- Fever
- Excess Sweating
- Hemorrhage
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- GI suction
- Low fluid intake
Hypervolemia
Fluid excess of isotonic fluid in the extracellular space
Hypervolemia Caused by
- Abnormal Retention of water and sodium
S&S of Hypovolemia
- Restlessness Confusion Seizures Comas
- Cold Clammy SKin
- Decreased Skin Turgor
- Weak, rapid heart rate
- Rapid Respirations
- Hypotension
- Lower urine output
- Weight loss
S&S of Hypervolemia
- Headaches/Confusion
- PERIPHERAL EDEMA
- Jugular Vein Distention
- Abnormal heart sounds
- Dyspnea, tachypnea, Crackles, Edema
- Weight gain
How can we treat/manage Hyper/Hypo Volemia? (8)
- Assess for S&S of fluid imbalance
- Give IV Fluids and meds as ordered
- Oxygen therapy as ordered
- Fall Precautions
- Daily weights
- Good I&O Recording
- Elevate edematous extremities
- Encourage oral fluids when appropriate
What causes Hypovolemic shock?
What is this usually due to?
- When 40% or more of intravascular volume is loss
- Trauma
How can we treat Hypovolemic Shock?
- Fluid Replacement
- Blood Transfuision
- Vasopressor
- O2 therapy
- VS and mental health monitoring
- Cather of I&O monitoring
- Assess lung sounds
Dehydration also means that pt is…
Hypernatremic
