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Module 2 Exam 2 > Fluid Volume and Effects > Flashcards

Fluid Volume and Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Where to avoid when starting IV’s?

A
  • Legs, Ankles, Feet
  • Sclerosed or thromboses veins
  • Any place below an infiltrated site
  • Surgically compromised veins
  • Inured Extremities
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2
Q

3 things to consider when starting an IV?

A
  • Condition of veins?
  • Reason for IV
  • Used solutions or meds?
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3
Q

How do you evaluate a vein?

A
  • PALPATE (Feeling>Sight)
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4
Q

Good veins are:

A

Round, Firm and elastic

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5
Q

When are veins best palpated?

A

When engorged

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6
Q

Best time to use 14g or 16g Needle?

A
  • Trauma or rapid infusion is necessary
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7
Q

Best time to use 18g needles?

A
  • Pt’s going into surgery
  • Receiving blood or caustic meds
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8
Q

Best time to use 20g or 22g needles?

A
  • Most common size for adults
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9
Q

Best time to use 24g needles?

A
  • Most common for Pedi. pt’s
  • Good for adults w/ small or fragile veins (Ex: Older pt’s)
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10
Q

Intermitten Administration

A

Med on scheduled does daily or multiple times a day

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11
Q

Continuous Administration

A

IV soultion given continuously

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12
Q

Bolus Administration

A

Solution ordered to be administered over a specific time frame through IV pump/syringe quickly

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13
Q

Push Administration

A

Specific amount of med to be administered over specific time frame through IV SYRINGE ONLY

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14
Q

If pt shows signs of adverse affects after med is given what do you do?

A

Stop med if given over time and call the doctor and NEVER leave the pt alone, give O2 if you deem it to be necessary

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15
Q

Advantages of IV meds?

A
  • Instant Action
  • Better control of rate
  • Better for pt’s with GI issues
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16
Q

Common mistake with IV meds?

A
  • Reconstitution Errors
  • Speed Shock (Too much med too quickly)
  • Air embolism
17
Q

What causes air embolisms?

A
  • Solutions become dry
  • Air in tubing
  • Loose connections
  • Poor CVAD removal
18
Q

S&S of Air Embolisms

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachypnea
  • Lightheadness
  • Palpitations
  • Drop in BP
  • Weakness
  • Cyanosis
  • Wheezes on expiration
19
Q

Interventions for Air Embolisms

A
  • Call for help
  • Put pt in Trendelenburg on their left side
  • Give O2
  • VS monitoring
20
Q

Fluid Overload

A
  • Too much fluid in the circulatory system
21
Q

Phlebitis

A

Irritation to vein (Chemical or Mechanical)

22
Q

Infiltration

A

Fluid seeps into tissue

23
Q

Extravasation

A

Infiltration of caustic meds

24
Q

Chemical Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein due to chemical irritation

25
Chemical Phlebitis caused by?
- Infusing med too quick - Foreign matter in a solution - Poor Reconstitution or Dilution when prepping meds
26
How to prevent chemical phlebitis
- Use a filter for meds that did not reconstitute properly - Increase dilution volume - Larger peripheral veins for IV sites - Slow infusion rate - Restart if IV is questionable
27
S&S of Infiltration
- Pain/Burning of IV site - Skin Tightness - Blanching and coolness of skin - Dependent Edema - Vein Irritation, not tissue
28
Interventions for S&S
- STOP infusion - IV line removal - Monitor infiltrated site and call physician if needed
29
If a new IV site is needed where d you go?
Insert at other extremity if possible, if not go more proximal than the previous IV site
30
S&S of Extravasation
- Pain/Burning at IV site - Skin Tightness - Skin blanching and cooling - Dependent edema
31
Prevention for Extravasation
- Ensure proper med dilution - Avoid high pressure pumps - Assessment of IV sites - Teach pt to report everything affecting the IV site no matter how small or insignificant
32
Venous Spasm
Sudden and brief tightening of muscle cells in the vein
33
Venous Spasm caused by
- Viscous solution - Administration too quickly - Cold or irritating solution
34
S&S of Venous Spasm
- Sharp pain at IV site - Pain radiating up the arm with the IV site
35
How to precent venous spasm?
- Dilute meds properly - Admin items at room temp - Consider warm compresses during infusions
36
On IV pumps, should the Primary or Secondary IV bag be lower?
Primary

Module 2 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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