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Module 2 Exam 2 > Fluid Volume and Effects > Flashcards

Fluid Volume and Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Where to avoid when starting IV’s?

A
  • Legs, Ankles, Feet
  • Sclerosed or thromboses veins
  • Any place below an infiltrated site
  • Surgically compromised veins
  • Inured Extremities
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2
Q

3 things to consider when starting an IV?

A
  • Condition of veins?
  • Reason for IV
  • Used solutions or meds?
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3
Q

How do you evaluate a vein?

A
  • PALPATE (Feeling>Sight)
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4
Q

Good veins are:

A

Round, Firm and elastic

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5
Q

When are veins best palpated?

A

When engorged

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6
Q

Best time to use 14g or 16g Needle?

A
  • Trauma or rapid infusion is necessary
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7
Q

Best time to use 18g needles?

A
  • Pt’s going into surgery
  • Receiving blood or caustic meds
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8
Q

Best time to use 20g or 22g needles?

A
  • Most common size for adults
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9
Q

Best time to use 24g needles?

A
  • Most common for Pedi. pt’s
  • Good for adults w/ small or fragile veins (Ex: Older pt’s)
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10
Q

Intermitten Administration

A

Med on scheduled does daily or multiple times a day

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11
Q

Continuous Administration

A

IV soultion given continuously

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12
Q

Bolus Administration

A

Solution ordered to be administered over a specific time frame through IV pump/syringe quickly

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13
Q

Push Administration

A

Specific amount of med to be administered over specific time frame through IV SYRINGE ONLY

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14
Q

If pt shows signs of adverse affects after med is given what do you do?

A

Stop med if given over time and call the doctor and NEVER leave the pt alone, give O2 if you deem it to be necessary

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15
Q

Advantages of IV meds?

A
  • Instant Action
  • Better control of rate
  • Better for pt’s with GI issues
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16
Q

Common mistake with IV meds?

A
  • Reconstitution Errors
  • Speed Shock (Too much med too quickly)
  • Air embolism
17
Q

What causes air embolisms?

A
  • Solutions become dry
  • Air in tubing
  • Loose connections
  • Poor CVAD removal
18
Q

S&S of Air Embolisms

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Tachypnea
  • Lightheadness
  • Palpitations
  • Drop in BP
  • Weakness
  • Cyanosis
  • Wheezes on expiration
19
Q

Interventions for Air Embolisms

A
  • Call for help
  • Put pt in Trendelenburg on their left side
  • Give O2
  • VS monitoring
20
Q

Fluid Overload

A
  • Too much fluid in the circulatory system
21
Q

Phlebitis

A

Irritation to vein (Chemical or Mechanical)

22
Q

Infiltration

A

Fluid seeps into tissue

23
Q

Extravasation

A

Infiltration of caustic meds

24
Q

Chemical Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein due to chemical irritation

25
Q

Chemical Phlebitis caused by?

A
  • Infusing med too quick
  • Foreign matter in a solution
  • Poor Reconstitution or Dilution when prepping meds
26
Q

How to prevent chemical phlebitis

A
  • Use a filter for meds that did not reconstitute properly
  • Increase dilution volume
  • Larger peripheral veins for IV sites
  • Slow infusion rate
  • Restart if IV is questionable
27
Q

S&S of Infiltration

A
  • Pain/Burning of IV site
  • Skin Tightness
  • Blanching and coolness of skin
  • Dependent Edema
  • Vein Irritation, not tissue
28
Q

Interventions for S&S

A
  • STOP infusion
  • IV line removal
  • Monitor infiltrated site and call physician if needed
29
Q

If a new IV site is needed where d you go?

A

Insert at other extremity if possible, if not go more proximal than the previous IV site

30
Q

S&S of Extravasation

A
  • Pain/Burning at IV site
  • Skin Tightness
  • Skin blanching and cooling
  • Dependent edema
31
Q

Prevention for Extravasation

A
  • Ensure proper med dilution
  • Avoid high pressure pumps
  • Assessment of IV sites
  • Teach pt to report everything affecting the IV site no matter how small or insignificant
32
Q

Venous Spasm

A

Sudden and brief tightening of muscle cells in the vein

33
Q

Venous Spasm caused by

A
  • Viscous solution
  • Administration too quickly
  • Cold or irritating solution
34
Q

S&S of Venous Spasm

A
  • Sharp pain at IV site
  • Pain radiating up the arm with the IV site
35
Q

How to precent venous spasm?

A
  • Dilute meds properly
  • Admin items at room temp
  • Consider warm compresses during infusions
36
Q

On IV pumps, should the Primary or Secondary IV bag be lower?

A

Primary

Module 2 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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