lab values Flashcards
BMP (CHEM 7)
measures the seven items of the metabolic panel:
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate)
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Creatinine
- Glucose
Sodium (Na+)
135 - 145 mEq/L
- Vital to normal body processes, including nerve and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues.
Potassium (K+)
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Vital to cell metabolism and muscle function. Sodium, potassium, and magnesium function in the active transport system which carries out the actions of excitable tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues.
Chloride (Cl-)
98 - 106 mEq/L
- Helps to regulate the amount of fluid in the body and maintain the acid-base balance. Chloride provides electroneutrality as it relates to sodium. Chloride transport is generally passive and follows the active transport of sodium so that increases or decreases in chloride are proportional to changes in sodium. However, chloride concentration tends to vary inversely with changes in the concentration of bicarbonate (HCO3). Bicarbonate is a part of the buffering system which helps absorb excess acid.
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
23 - 30 mEq/L
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10 – 20 mg/dL
- Waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys; conditions that affect the kidney have the potential to affect the amount of urea in the blood Creatinine ~ 0.5-1.3 mg/dL (age/gender factors)
Creatinine (CRE)
0.5 - 1.3 mg/dL
- Waste product produced in the muscles; filtered out of the blood by the kidneys so blood levels are a good indication of how well the kidneys are working .
Glucose
74 - 106 mg/dL
- Energy source for the body; a steady supply must be available for use, and a relatively constant level of glucose must be maintained in the blood.
CMP (CHEM 12)
Liver Tests
includes a CHEM 7 in addition to 4 other factors
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
- Carbon Dioxide (bicarbonate)
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- Creatinine
- Glucose
- ALK Phos
- AST
- ALT
- Albumin
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
47 - 147 U/L
- Enzyme found in the liver and other tissues, bone; elevated levels of ALP in the blood are most commonly caused by liver disease or bone disorders.
aspartate amino transferase (AST)
aka SGOT
10 - 35 U/L
- Enzyme found especially in cells in the heart and liver; also a useful test for detecting liver damage.
alanine amino transferase (ALT)
aka SGPT
8 - 37 U/L
- Enzyme found mostly in the cells of the liver and kidney; a useful test for detecting liver damage .
Bilirubin
0.3 - 1.0
- Waste product produced by the liver as it breaks down and recycles aged red blood cells.
Proteins
- Albumin
- Total protein
Chemistry Extension in addition to the BMP/Chem7 or CMP/Chem12
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- Ionized Ca
- Magnesium (Mg2+)
- Phosphate (PO4-)
Albumin
3.5 - 5.0 g/dL
- A small protein produced in the liver; the major protein in serum. major plasma protein which maintains fluid balance by providing colloidal osmotic pressure.
Total Protein
6.4 - 8.3 gm/dL
- Measures albumin as well as all other proteins in serum
Calcium (Ca2+)
9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL
- One of the most important minerals in the body; essential for the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and the heart and is required in blood clotting and in the formation of bones & teeth.
Ionized Ca
4.5 - 5.6mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg2+)
1.3 - 2.1 mg/dL
- beneficial for bone health, diabetes (higher Mag diet linked to lower risk of T2 diabetes), cardiovascular health
Phosphate (PO4-)
3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
- typically inversely proportionate to calcium
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- RBC
- HGB
- HCT
***Try to remember the rules of 3 with RBC, HGB, and HCT. The best way to recall these is to remember 12,14,16,18. These will be the numbers plugged into the HGB. If you divide those numbers by 3, you will have your RBC norms and when you multiply by 3, you will have your HCT numbers.
RBC
- M: 4.7 - 6 million/mm3
- F: 4 - 5.3 million/mm3
HGB
- M: 14 - 18 g/dl
- F: 12 -16 g/dl
HCT
- M: 42 - 54 %
- F: 36 - 48 %
WBC
5,000 - 10,000 mm3
- An increased WBC count (leukocytosis) usually indicates infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, or leukemic neoplasia. Increased neutrophils can be indicative of infection or inflammatory process from autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Chrons disease, smoking. Serial WBC and differential counts have both diagnostic and prognostic value. For example, a persistent increase in WBC count could indicate worsening infection such as in the case of appendicitis. A drastic decrease in WBCs below the normal range (leukopenia) may indicate bone marrow failure and subsequent high-risk septicemia and death.
PLT
150k - 400k mm
- Helpful with clot formation to stop bleeding.
- High count increased clotting formation, thrombocytosis/thrombocythemia
- Low count thrombocytopenia: bleeding
MCV
size of RBC
MCH
weight of RBC
MCHC
average concentration of Hgb in RBC
RDW
Variation in shape which helps ID sickle cell
WBC with diff:
Neutrophils
55 - 70 %
indicator of body response to infection to ask for more WBC to be produced…these are immature WBCs being formed as the first defenders.
WBC with diff:
Lymphocytes
20 - 35 %
Recognize foreign antigens…produce antibodies
WBC with diff:
Monocytes
3 - 8 %
involved in phagocytosis and become macrophages
WBC with diff:
Eosinophils
1 - 3 %
destroy parasites, involved with allergic reactions
WBC with diff:
