Lab Vales Flashcards by Rebekka DelaRosa

What are the cations?

positively charged
NA+
CA++
H+
Mg+
K+

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What are the anions?

Negatively charged

Cl-
HCO3-
Cyanide: CN-

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Order for basic metabolic panel

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Normal range for NA

135-145 (strong acid)

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Causes for hyponatremia.

hypovolemia, hypervolemia, loop diuretics, SIADH

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complication of raising sodium too quickly

osmotic demyelination (100% fatal)

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what is the corrected sodium equation for DKA pts?

measured NA + (0.016 * (serum glucose -100))

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Normal range for Cl

95-105 mEq (strong acid)

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What is Chloride most attracted to?

Pottasium. They often “follow” each other.

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What is a normal Strong Ion Difference value? and what is it?

The difference between Na and Cl. Normal is 38

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Normal Range for Potassium

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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How is Potassium regulated?

thru the kidneys

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Hyperkalemia symptoms

Gen. weakness, fatigue, metabolic acidosis, arrthymias, diminished DTR, decreased strength, edema.

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At what mEq/L will hykerkalemia look like a slow Vtach w/ QRS above 0.2 ms?

7.8 mEq/L

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Treatment for HyperK

Dextrose, insulin, albuterol, calcium gluconate

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symptoms for hypokalemia

Ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, ams, decreased DTR

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Every 10 mEq of K+ administered you would see an increase of _____

0.1 mEq/L

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BUN normal lab values

Blood Urea Nitrogen
6-23 mg/dL

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Causes of an elevated BUN

high protein diet, renal failure, hypovolemia, CHF

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Bicarb (HCO3-) normal range

23-30 mEq/L

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Creatinine (Cr) normal range, what does it measure

0.6-1.4 mg/dL

indicates muscle breakdown
indicates kidney function by identifying glomerular filtration rate

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Magnesium (Mg++) normal range

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

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Symptoms of hypo magnesia.

neuromuscular irritability and mood changes.

symptoms of hyperkalemia

loss of DTR, can be seen in renal

Normal range of Phosphorus

3.0-4.5 mEq/L

Normal range calcium

8.8-10.4 mg/dL

symptoms of hypocalemia

numbness/ tingling, seizures chvostek's sign (tap on cheek and notice their mouth cheek half smile) trousseau sign muscular excitability. (bp cuff test)

symptoms of hypercalcemia

confusion, arrhythmias, shortened QT interval signs of pancreatitis hypotension

symptoms of hypokalemia

hypotension ventricular arrhythmias cardiac arrest hypoventilation resp distress weakness, decreased DTR

Hypokalemia EKG findings

T-wave flattening or inverted T waves prominent U wave/ QT prolongation ST segment depression Ventricular/atrial arrythmias

every ________mEq/L of K+ administered you would see an increase in K+ lab values by _______

10mEq/L; increase by 0.1mEq/L, very slow increase

increase pH by 0.10 will do what to K+?

decrease by 0.6

are lab values intracellular measurements or extracellular measurements?

extracellular

What is the relationship of Phosphorous and Calcium?

reciprocal hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia

normal RBC values

Male: 4.7-6.1 million/mcL Female: 4.2-5.4 million/mcL

normal hemoglobin (hgb)

Male: 14-18 g/dL Female: 12-16 g/dL

normal hematocrit values

male: 42%-52% female: 37-47%

Normal platelets values

Male and female: 150-400,000/mcl

Normal WBC

4,500-10,500 cells/mcL

causes for RBC decreases

iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow suppression, hemolysis

causes for RBC increases

high altitude, compensation for hypoxia, dehydration

Hematocrit decreased levels causes:

anemia, SIADH, overhydration

Hematocrit increased levels causes.

dehydration

How much increase in hgb and hct will you see per PRBC unit

hgb: increase by 1g/dl hct increases by 3%

Mean corpuscular volume MCV

Avg size of the RBC

Normal range of MCV

80-95 fL

Causes of normocytic MCV, but low H/H?

acute blood lass, anemia of chronic diseases

Macrocytic >95 MCV

low RBC w/ elevated MCV: vit b12 deficiency, folate deficiency (chronic liver disease) elevated MCV w/ normal RBC can indicate drug-induced macrocytosis: eg dilantin

microcytic <80 MCV

low MCV w/ normal or low RBC can indicate iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, chronic inflammation, sideroblastic anemia, chronic blood loss, overall poor absorption in the body low MCV w/ elevated RBC can indicate a type of thalassemia.

SIADH

low serum osmolality, high specific gravity Hold onto urine

diabetes insipidus

high serum osmolality, low specific gravity

serum osmolality normal range

275-295 mOsm/kg

urine specific gravity normal range

1.005- 1.030 (ratio of urine density and water density

Creatine Kinase - muscle brain (CK-MB)

normal range: 0-3 ng/mL found in cardiac muscle and some skeletal msucle normally undetectable in blood compare to total CK if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is above 2.5-3.0 (cardiac) if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is below 2.5-3.0 (skeletal)

proBNP

normal range: under 100 pg/mL secreted by cardiomyocytes based on ventricular stretch used as markers in CHF patients most BNP markers are significant: less than 125 pg/mL for 0-74 yrs old less than 450 pg/ml for 75-99yrs old