Lab Vales Flashcards
What are the cations?
positively charged
NA+
CA++
H+
Mg+
K+
What are the anions?
Negatively charged
Cl-
HCO3-
Cyanide: CN-
Order for basic metabolic panel
Normal range for NA
135-145 (strong acid)
Causes for hyponatremia.
hypovolemia, hypervolemia, loop diuretics, SIADH
complication of raising sodium too quickly
osmotic demyelination (100% fatal)
what is the corrected sodium equation for DKA pts?
measured NA + (0.016 * (serum glucose -100))
Normal range for Cl
95-105 mEq (strong acid)
What is Chloride most attracted to?
Pottasium. They often “follow” each other.
What is a normal Strong Ion Difference value? and what is it?
The difference between Na and Cl. Normal is 38
Normal Range for Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
How is Potassium regulated?
thru the kidneys
Hyperkalemia symptoms
Gen. weakness, fatigue, metabolic acidosis, arrthymias, diminished DTR, decreased strength, edema.
At what mEq/L will hykerkalemia look like a slow Vtach w/ QRS above 0.2 ms?
7.8 mEq/L
Treatment for HyperK
Dextrose, insulin, albuterol, calcium gluconate
symptoms for hypokalemia
Ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, ams, decreased DTR
Every 10 mEq of K+ administered you would see an increase of _____
0.1 mEq/L
BUN normal lab values
Blood Urea Nitrogen
6-23 mg/dL
Causes of an elevated BUN
high protein diet, renal failure, hypovolemia, CHF
Bicarb (HCO3-) normal range
23-30 mEq/L
Creatinine (Cr) normal range, what does it measure
0.6-1.4 mg/dL
indicates muscle breakdown
indicates kidney function by identifying glomerular filtration rate
Magnesium (Mg++) normal range
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Symptoms of hypo magnesia.
neuromuscular irritability and mood changes.
symptoms of hyperkalemia
loss of DTR, can be seen in renal
Normal range of Phosphorus
3.0-4.5 mEq/L
Normal range calcium
8.8-10.4 mg/dL
symptoms of hypocalemia
numbness/ tingling, seizures
chvostek’s sign (tap on cheek and notice their mouth cheek half smile)
trousseau sign muscular excitability. (bp cuff test)
symptoms of hypercalcemia
confusion, arrhythmias, shortened QT interval
signs of pancreatitis
hypotension
symptoms of hypokalemia
hypotension
ventricular arrhythmias
cardiac arrest
hypoventilation
resp distress
weakness, decreased DTR
Hypokalemia EKG findings
T-wave flattening or inverted T waves
prominent U wave/ QT prolongation
ST segment depression
Ventricular/atrial arrythmias
every ________mEq/L of K+ administered you would see an increase in K+ lab values by _______
10mEq/L; increase by 0.1mEq/L, very slow increase
increase pH by 0.10 will do what to K+?
decrease by 0.6
are lab values intracellular measurements or extracellular measurements?
extracellular
What is the relationship of Phosphorous and Calcium?
reciprocal
hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia
normal RBC values
Male: 4.7-6.1 million/mcL
Female: 4.2-5.4 million/mcL
normal hemoglobin (hgb)
Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
normal hematocrit values
male: 42%-52%
female: 37-47%
Normal platelets values
Male and female: 150-400,000/mcl
Normal WBC
4,500-10,500 cells/mcL
causes for RBC decreases
iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow suppression, hemolysis
causes for RBC increases
high altitude, compensation for hypoxia, dehydration
Hematocrit decreased levels causes:
anemia, SIADH, overhydration
Hematocrit increased levels causes.
dehydration
How much increase in hgb and hct will you see per PRBC unit
hgb: increase by 1g/dl
hct increases by 3%
Mean corpuscular volume MCV
Avg size of the RBC
Normal range of MCV
80-95 fL
Causes of normocytic MCV, but low H/H?
acute blood lass, anemia of chronic diseases
Macrocytic >95 MCV
low RBC w/ elevated MCV: vit b12 deficiency, folate deficiency (chronic liver disease)
elevated MCV w/ normal RBC can indicate drug-induced macrocytosis: eg dilantin
microcytic <80 MCV
low MCV w/ normal or low RBC can indicate iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, chronic inflammation, sideroblastic anemia, chronic blood loss, overall poor absorption in the body
low MCV w/ elevated RBC can indicate a type of thalassemia.
SIADH
low serum osmolality, high specific gravity
Hold onto urine
diabetes insipidus
high serum osmolality, low specific gravity
serum osmolality normal range
275-295 mOsm/kg
urine specific gravity normal range
1.005- 1.030 (ratio of urine density and water density
Creatine Kinase - muscle brain (CK-MB)
normal range: 0-3 ng/mL
found in cardiac muscle and some skeletal msucle
normally undetectable in blood
compare to total CK
if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is above 2.5-3.0 (cardiac)
if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is below 2.5-3.0 (skeletal)
proBNP
normal range: under 100 pg/mL
secreted by cardiomyocytes based on ventricular stretch
used as markers in CHF patients
most BNP markers are significant:
less than 125 pg/mL for 0-74 yrs old
less than 450 pg/ml for 75-99yrs old
