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Critical Care FP-C > Lab Vales > Flashcards

Lab Vales Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cations?

A

positively charged
NA+
CA++
H+
Mg+
K+

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2
Q

What are the anions?

A

Negatively charged

Cl-
HCO3-
Cyanide: CN-

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3
Q

Order for basic metabolic panel

A
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4
Q

Normal range for NA

A

135-145 (strong acid)

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5
Q

Causes for hyponatremia.

A

hypovolemia, hypervolemia, loop diuretics, SIADH

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6
Q

complication of raising sodium too quickly

A

osmotic demyelination (100% fatal)

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7
Q

what is the corrected sodium equation for DKA pts?

A

measured NA + (0.016 * (serum glucose -100))

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8
Q

Normal range for Cl

A

95-105 mEq (strong acid)

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9
Q

What is Chloride most attracted to?

A

Pottasium. They often “follow” each other.

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10
Q

What is a normal Strong Ion Difference value? and what is it?

A

The difference between Na and Cl. Normal is 38

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11
Q

Normal Range for Potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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12
Q

How is Potassium regulated?

A

thru the kidneys

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13
Q

Hyperkalemia symptoms

A

Gen. weakness, fatigue, metabolic acidosis, arrthymias, diminished DTR, decreased strength, edema.

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14
Q

At what mEq/L will hykerkalemia look like a slow Vtach w/ QRS above 0.2 ms?

A

7.8 mEq/L

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15
Q

Treatment for HyperK

A

Dextrose, insulin, albuterol, calcium gluconate

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16
Q

symptoms for hypokalemia

A

Ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, ams, decreased DTR

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17
Q

Every 10 mEq of K+ administered you would see an increase of _____

A

0.1 mEq/L

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18
Q

BUN normal lab values

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen
6-23 mg/dL

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19
Q

Causes of an elevated BUN

A

high protein diet, renal failure, hypovolemia, CHF

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20
Q

Bicarb (HCO3-) normal range

A

23-30 mEq/L

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21
Q

Creatinine (Cr) normal range, what does it measure

A

0.6-1.4 mg/dL

indicates muscle breakdown
indicates kidney function by identifying glomerular filtration rate

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22
Q

Magnesium (Mg++) normal range

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

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23
Q

Symptoms of hypo magnesia.

A

neuromuscular irritability and mood changes.

24
Q

symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

loss of DTR, can be seen in renal

25
Q

Normal range of Phosphorus

A

3.0-4.5 mEq/L

26
Q

Normal range calcium

A

8.8-10.4 mg/dL

27
Q

symptoms of hypocalemia

A

numbness/ tingling, seizures

chvostek’s sign (tap on cheek and notice their mouth cheek half smile)
trousseau sign muscular excitability. (bp cuff test)

28
Q

symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

confusion, arrhythmias, shortened QT interval
signs of pancreatitis
hypotension

29
Q

symptoms of hypokalemia

A

hypotension
ventricular arrhythmias
cardiac arrest
hypoventilation
resp distress
weakness, decreased DTR

30
Q

Hypokalemia EKG findings

A

T-wave flattening or inverted T waves
prominent U wave/ QT prolongation
ST segment depression
Ventricular/atrial arrythmias

31
Q

every ________mEq/L of K+ administered you would see an increase in K+ lab values by _______

A

10mEq/L; increase by 0.1mEq/L, very slow increase

32
Q

increase pH by 0.10 will do what to K+?

A

decrease by 0.6

33
Q

are lab values intracellular measurements or extracellular measurements?

A

extracellular

34
Q

What is the relationship of Phosphorous and Calcium?

A

reciprocal

hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia

35
Q

normal RBC values

A

Male: 4.7-6.1 million/mcL
Female: 4.2-5.4 million/mcL

36
Q

normal hemoglobin (hgb)

A

Male: 14-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL

37
Q

normal hematocrit values

A

male: 42%-52%
female: 37-47%

38
Q

Normal platelets values

A

Male and female: 150-400,000/mcl

39
Q

Normal WBC

A

4,500-10,500 cells/mcL

40
Q

causes for RBC decreases

A

iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow suppression, hemolysis

41
Q

causes for RBC increases

A

high altitude, compensation for hypoxia, dehydration

42
Q

Hematocrit decreased levels causes:

A

anemia, SIADH, overhydration

43
Q

Hematocrit increased levels causes.

A

dehydration

44
Q

How much increase in hgb and hct will you see per PRBC unit

A

hgb: increase by 1g/dl
hct increases by 3%

45
Q

Mean corpuscular volume MCV

A

Avg size of the RBC

46
Q

Normal range of MCV

A

80-95 fL

47
Q

Causes of normocytic MCV, but low H/H?

A

acute blood lass, anemia of chronic diseases

48
Q

Macrocytic >95 MCV

A

low RBC w/ elevated MCV: vit b12 deficiency, folate deficiency (chronic liver disease)

elevated MCV w/ normal RBC can indicate drug-induced macrocytosis: eg dilantin

49
Q

microcytic <80 MCV

A

low MCV w/ normal or low RBC can indicate iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, chronic inflammation, sideroblastic anemia, chronic blood loss, overall poor absorption in the body

low MCV w/ elevated RBC can indicate a type of thalassemia.

50
Q

SIADH

A

low serum osmolality, high specific gravity

Hold onto urine

51
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

high serum osmolality, low specific gravity

52
Q

serum osmolality normal range

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

53
Q

urine specific gravity normal range

A

1.005- 1.030 (ratio of urine density and water density

54
Q

Creatine Kinase - muscle brain (CK-MB)

A

normal range: 0-3 ng/mL
found in cardiac muscle and some skeletal msucle
normally undetectable in blood

compare to total CK
if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is above 2.5-3.0 (cardiac)
if CK-MB ratio (relative index) is below 2.5-3.0 (skeletal)

55
Q

proBNP

A

normal range: under 100 pg/mL
secreted by cardiomyocytes based on ventricular stretch
used as markers in CHF patients

most BNP markers are significant:
less than 125 pg/mL for 0-74 yrs old
less than 450 pg/ml for 75-99yrs old

Critical Care FP-C (17 decks)

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