Gas Laws Flashcards
Boyle’s Law
Temp is constant
Pressure increases, volume decreases
P1V1=P2V2
What is sea level atmospheric pressure?
760 mmHg or 760 Torr.
Equal to 1 ATM
Every 33ft below sea level is how many ATM?
1 ATM more
0ft = 1 ATM
33ft = 2 ATM
66ft = 3 ATM
Barotitis Media
Pressure changes felt in your ears
Noticed on descent
Barosinusitis
Pressure in your sinuses
Noticed on ascent
Barobariatrauma
Acts like decompression sickness.
Nitrogen released from fat
Noticed more in morbidly obese patients
Noted on ascent
How to treat Barobariatrauma?
High flow O2
Barodentalgia
Pain in gums
Noted on ascent
Charles’s Law
Pressure is constant
Temp increases, volume increases
Every 1000 ft ascended how many degrees change?
2 degree Celsius drop
(International 150M increase; 1 degree C drop)
Gay-Lussac’s law
“Charles’s brother”
At a given mass and constant volume of gas, pressure exerted on the sides of the container is directly proportional to the absolute temp
Dalton’s law
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases
P1+P2+P3 = P total
Note: even when the pressure of the gas changes, the proportion of the gases stays the same
Henry’s Law
The amount of gas dissolved in a soln is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution
Pearl of wisdom: if the partial pressure of the gas isntwice a high, then on avg twice as many molecules will hit the surface of the liquid, which is then captured in the solution, based on the gas’s solubility
Can these guys potentially be victorious?
Grahams law
Gases diffuse from a region of a higher concentration (pressure) to a lower concentration (pressure) until equilibrium is reached
What is flicker vertigo and when is it caused
Caused by sunlight passing thru the rotors
4 - 20 Hz
What law is applied?
Changing the concentration of FiO2
Daltons law
What law is applied?
Changing the surface area - Adding PEEP
Fick’s law
What gas law is applied?
Placing gas under pressure - BVM or vent management
Henry’s law
Fick’s law
the rate of diffusion of a gas across a permeable membrane is determined by the chemical nature of the membrane itself, the surface area of the membrane, the partial pressure gradient of the gas across the membrane, and the thickness of the membrane.
What are the stressors of flight?
hypoxia
barometric pressure changes
thermal changes
decreased humidity
noise
vibrations
fatigue
gravitational forces
What is the DEATH acronym?
Drugs
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia
What is the Indifferent Stage of Hypoxia?
Altitude at 0-10,000ft
spo2- 90-98%
decrease in night vision at 4,000ft
HR and RR increase
unaware of symptoms
NOTE: smokers lose 20% of their night vision at sea level. equal to an altitude of 5,000ft.
What is the compensatory stage of hypoxia?
Altitude: 10,000 - 15,000 ft
SpO2: 80-90%
Advanced symptoms from stage I
Night Vision < 50%
CNS symptoms:
Poor judgement
irritable
drowsiness decreased coordination
