Acid-Base Blitz Flashcards

1
Q

Major points of the Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

A

second to second buffer
operates in the blood lungs and kidneys
Normal relationship in the body between HCO3- and carbonic acid is 20:1

NOTE: carbonic acid is volatile, does not like to stay in that form

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2
Q

Key points of the Resp buffering system

A

Min to min changes
Lungs can adjust the amount of carbonic acid by blowing off or holding onto CO2
Occurs via chemoreceptors in the midbrain

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3
Q

key points of the renal buffering system

A

hours to days for changes
kidneys can reabsorb or excrete HCO3- or H+ as needed
kidneys can also make new HCO3-

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4
Q

Normal range for pH

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

Normal range for PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

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6
Q

Normal range for HCO3-

A

22-26

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7
Q

Normal range for PaO2

A

80-100

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8
Q

Normal Range for BE

A

-2/+2

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9
Q

A mixed disturbance is suggested by

A

PaCO2 and HCO3- are moving in the SAME direction in terms of acidosis or alkalosis

greater than expected compensation.

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10
Q

For every 10 mmHg change in PaCO2, the pH will change _____ in the _____ direction

A

0.08; opposite

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11
Q

For every 10 mEq/L change in the HCO3-, the pH will change by __________ in th __________ direction

A

0.15; same

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12
Q

For every 0.10 change in the pH, the K+ will change by _____ in the ___ direction

A

0.6; opposite

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13
Q

What cation is intracellular?

A

Potassium (K)

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14
Q

What cation is extracellular?

A

Sodium (NA)

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15
Q

Causes of resp acidosis

A

hypoventilation
OD
Pulmonary edema
chest trauma
neuromuscular disease
COPD

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16
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

A

DKA
Salicylate OD (ASA)
sepsis
shock
diarrhea
renal failure

17
Q

What is GOLD MARK and what does it stand for?

A

it used for metabolic acidosis identification

G- Glycols
O- Oxoproline
L- Lactate
D- D- Lactate
M- Methanol
A- ASA OD
R- renal failure
K- ketoacidosis

18
Q

what is pre-renal failure?

A

problems with volume going into the kidneys

19
Q

What is Intra-renal failure?

A

problems with the filtration

20
Q

What is post renal failure?

A

problems after filtration, example urine output

21
Q

What is the normal range for NA?

A

135-145 (perfect 140)

22
Q

What is the normal range for CL-?

A

95-105 (perfect 102)

23
Q

Uncorrected anion gap formula and normal range?

A

NA - (CL + HCO3); normal range 9-12

24
Q

Corrected anion gap formula and normal range?

A

NA - (CL + HCO3) + K; normal 16-20

25
Q

Causes of Resp Alkalosis

A

hyperventilating
initial stage of PE
hypoxia
fever
pregnancy
high altitude
anxiety

26
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

overuse of antacids
potassium wasting diuretics
loss of gastric juices

27
Q

Treatments of metabolic alkalosis

A

reduce GI suctioning
treat abnormal electrolytes
treat underlying cause
Acetazolamide 500 mg IV