Lab V - Kingdom Plantae - Seed plants Flashcards
Angiosperm
The traditional name for flowering plants, a very large (300,000+ spp.) and diverse phylum of plants that form flowers for sexual reproduction and produce seeds enclosed in fruits.
o-Includes monocots and dicots.
Gymnosperm
Any of a group of seed plants in which the seeds are not enclosed in an ovary; gymnosperms frequently bear their seeds in cones.
o-Includes four phyla: Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes, and Gnetophytes
Megaspore
The (n) spore in heterosporous plants that give rise to a female gametophyte.
Microspore
The (n) spore in heterosporous plants that gives rise to a male gametophyte.
Cones
In botany, a reproductive structure in many gymnosperms that produces either microspores or megaspores.
Microsporangium
The sporangium that produces spores (microspores) that give rise to male gametophytes.
Megasporangium
Found on megasporophylls, the sporangium that produces spores (megaspores) that give rise to female gametophytes.
Ovule
Ovule means “small egg.” In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells.
Flower
A flower is a cluster of leaf-like structures modified for reproduction. An almost infinite variety of sizes and shapes of flowers can be found in angiosperms.
Sepal
On of the outermost parts of a flower, usually leaf-like in appearance, that protects the flower as a bud.
Stamen
The male part of a flower; consists of a filament and anther.
Filament
In flowering plants, the thin stalk of a stamen; the filament bears an anther at its tip.
Anther
The part of the stamen in flowers that produces microspores and, ultimately, pollen grains.
Pistil
The female reproductive organ of a flower; consists of either a single carpel or two or more fused carpels.
o-Carpel- The female reproductive unit of a flower; carpels bear ovules.
Stigma
The portion of the carpel where pollen grains land during pollination (and before fertilization).
Style
The neck connecting the stigma to the ovary of a carpel.
Ovary
In flowering plants, the base of the carpel that contains ovules; ovaries develop into fruits after fertilization.
Megaspore mother cell
In the ovary megasporangium, a megaspore mother cell divides by meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores degenerate. The surviving haploid megaspore begins a series of three mitotic divisions that result in the formation of an embryo sac (female gametophyte) with eight haploid nuclei: the egg and seven other nuclei.
Embryo sac
The female gametophyte generation in flowering plants.
Polar nuclei
In flowering plants, a polar nucleus is one of two (n) cells in the embryo sac that fuse with a sperm during double fertilization to form the (3n) endosperm.
Sperm nuclei
A sperm nucleus is either of two nuclei that derive from the generative nucleus of a pollen grain and function in the fertilization of a seed plant.
Endosperm
The (3n) nutritive tissue that is formed at some point in the development of all angiosperm seeds.
Double fertilization
A process in the flowering plant life cycle in which there are two fertilizations; one fertilization results in formation of a zygote, whereas the second results in the formation of endosperm.
Cotyledons
The seed leaf of a plant embryo, which may contain food stored for germination.
Shoot apex
A part of the embryo that will grow into the stem.
Root apex
A part of the embryo that will grow into the root.
