Lab I - Hardy-Weinberg

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Any cumulative genetic changes in a population from generation to generation. Evolution leads to differences in populations and explains the origin of all the organisms that exist now or have ever exists.
o-The change in allele frequencies of a gene from one generation to the next.

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a defined geographic area at the same time.

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Genes governing variation of the same character that occupy corresponding positions (loci) on homologous chromosomes.
o-Alternative forms of a gene

Question 4

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 4

The mathematical prediction that allele frequencies do not change from generation to generation in a large population in the absence of microevolutionary processes (mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection).
o-Hardy-Weinberg is an important standard to monitor changes of allele frequency in a population.

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The genetic makeup of, or combination of alleles in, an individual.

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The physical or chemical expression of an organism’s genes.

Question 7

Chi-square analysis

Answer 7

A statistical test that is used to determine if the data are close enough to the data expected by a hypothesis to be acceptable.
o-Chi-square tells you how many times out of 100 a deviation observed from the expected results is due to chance alone.

Question 8

Genetic drift

Answer 8

A random change in allele frequency in a small breeding population

Question 9

Bottleneck

Answer 9

A sudden decrease in population size caused by adverse environmental factors; may result in genetic drift; also called genetic or population bottleneck.

Question 10

Fixed allele

Answer 10

An allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population.
o-A fixed allele is homozygous for all members of the population.

Question 11

Natural selection

Answer 11

The mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin- the tendency of organisms that have favorable adaptations to their environment to survive and become the parents of the next generation.
o-Evolution occurs when natural selection results in changes in allele frequencies in a population.