Lab Unit 06: Thorax & Cardiopulmonary Flashcards
Rhomboid Major & Minor
Origin (PA): • Major: SP T2-5. • Minor: Nuchal ligament and SP C7, T1.
Insertion (DA): • Major: Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.
• Minor: Medial border at root of spine of scapula.
Nerve: Dorsal scapular n. (C4, C5).
**Action: ** Adducts, elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula.
Pectoralis Major
Origin (PA): •Clavicular head: Anterior surface of medial half of clavicle. • Sternocostal head: Anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.
**Insertion (DA): **Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus.
Nerve: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
• Clavicular head: (C5, C6, C7)
• Sternal head: (C8, T1).
Action: • Clavicular head: Flexes, adducts, and internally rotates humerus. • Sternal head: Extends, adducts, and internally rotates humerus.
Pectorails Minor
PA: 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages.
DA: Coracoid process of scapula.
N: Medial pectoral n. (C8, T1).
A: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.
Serratus Anterior
PA: External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st to 8th ribs.
DA: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula.
N: Long thoracic n. (C5, C6, C7).
A: Abducts and upwardly rotates scapula; stabilizes the medial border of the scapula against thoracic wall.
Levator costorum
SA: TP C7-T11.
IA: Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle.
N: PR C8-T11.
A: Elevate ribs.
External Abdominal Obliques
O: External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs.
I: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest.
N: Thoracoabdominal nerves (AR T7-T11) and subcostal nerve.
A: Flex trunk, laterally flex trunk to ipsilateral side, rotate trunk to contralateral side (with opposite internal oblique). Compresses/supports abdominal viscera.
Internal Abdominal Obliques
O: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest and connective tissue deep to the lateral third of inguinal ligament.
I: Inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon.
N: Thoracoabdominal nerves (AR T6-T12) and first lumbar nerves.
A: Flex trunk, laterally flex trunk to ipsilateral side, and rotate trunk to ipsilateral side.
Compresses/supports abdominal viscera.
Transversus Abdominus (TA)
O: Internal surfaces 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to lateral third of inguinal ligament.
I: Linea alba with the aponeurosis of the internal oblique, pubic crest, and pecten pubis via the conjoint tendon.
N: Thoracoabdominal nerves (AR T6-T12) and first lumbar nerves.
A: Compresses/supports abdominal viscera.
Rectus Abdominus
O: Pubic symphysis and pubic crest.
I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of 5th-7th ribs.
N: Thoracoabdominal nerves (AR T6-T12)
A: Flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses/supports abdominal viscera.
Anterior Deltoid
PA: Lateral third of clavicle.
DA: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
N: Axillary n. (C5, C6).
A: Flexes, medially rotates humerus.
Middle Deltoid
PA: Acromion.
DA: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
N: Axillary n. (C5, C6).
A: Abducts humerus.
Posterior Deltoid
PA: Spine of scapula.
DA: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
N: Axillary n. (C5, C6).
A: Extends, laterally rotates humerus.
Teres Major
PA: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula.
DA: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus.
N: Lower Subscapular n. (C5, C6).
A: Extends, adducts, and internally rotates humerus.
Teres Minor
PA: Middle part of lateral border of scapula.
DA: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.
N: Axillary n. (C5, C6).
A: Externally rotates humerus; depresses and compresses humeral head in glenoid.
Supraspinatus
PA: Supraspinous fossa of scapula.
DA: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.
N: Suprascapular n. (C4, C5, C6).
A: Abducts humerus; depresses and compresses humeral head in glenoid.
Infraspinatus
PA: Infraspinous fossa of scapula.
DA: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus.
N: Suprascapular n. (C5, C6).
A: Externally rotates humerus; depresses and compresses humeral head in glenoid.
Subscapularis
PA: Subscapular fossa.
DA: Lesser tubercle of humerus.
N: Upper and Lower subscapular n.’s (C5, C6, C7).
A: Internally rotates humerus; depresses and compresses humeral head in glenoid.
Coracobrachialis
PA: Tip of coracoid process of scapula.
DA: Middle 1/3 of medial surface of the humerus.
A: Shoulder flexion and adduction.
N: Musculocutaneous (C5,C6,C7).
Triceps Brachii
PA: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle.
Lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus superior to spiral (radial) groove.
Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus inferior to spiral (radial) groove.
DA: Olecranon process and fascia of forearm.
A: Elbow extension.
N: Radial (C7, C8).
Biceps Brachii
PA: Short head: coracoid process.
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle and superior labrum.
DA: Radial tuberosity (and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis).
A: Forearm supination, elbow flexion, shoulder flexion.
N: Musculocutaneous (C5,C6,C7).
Sternum
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
Scapula
- Acromion process
- Coracoid process
- Superior border
- Medial/vertebral border
- Lateral/axillary border
• Spine
- Tubercle at apex of spine
- Inferior angle
- Superior angle
- Suprascapular notch
- Glenoid
- Glenoid fossa
- Supraglenoid tubercle
- Infraglenoid tubercle
- Supraspinous fossa
- Infraspinous fossa
- Subscapular fossa
Ligaments
- Costoclavicular ligament
- Acromioclavicular (AC) ligament
- Anterior sternoclavicular (SC) ligament
- Posterior sternoclavicular (SC) ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament (conoid/trapezoid)
- Coracoacromial ligament
- Coracohumeral ligament
- Superior transverse scapular ligament
Joints of Thoracic Spine and Ribs
• Intervertebral joints: secondary cartilaginous (aka symphyses)
- Costovertebral joints: synovial, plane joint
- Costotransverse joints: synovial, plane joint
• Costochondral joints: primary cartilaginous (aka synchondrosis)
- Interchondral joints: synovial, plane joint
- Sternocostal joints:
- 1st joint: primary cartilaginous (aka synchondrosis)
- 2nd-7th joint: synovial, plane joint
• Sternoclavicular joints: synovial, saddle joint
Miscellaneous
- Central tendon of the diaphragm
- Linea alba
- Thoracolumbar fascia
- Inguinal ligament
- Iliac crest
- Pubic tubercle
- Mastoid process
- Superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance
- Nuchal ligament
- Characteristics of synovial joints
Heart
- Left & right atria
- Pectinate muscles (found in atria)
- Interatrial septum
- Chordae tendinae
- Papillary muscles
- Left & right ventricles (note difference in thickness of L/R ventricle walls)
- Trabeculae carnae (found in ventricles)
- Interventricular septum
- Apex of heart
Valves
• Left atrioventricular valve (AV valve)
(or mitral valve or bicuspid valve)
• Right atrioventricular valve (AV valve)
(or tricuspid valve)
- Pulmonary Semilunar valve
- Aortic Semilunar valve
Vasculature
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Left coronary artery
- Left Anterior Descending (“widowmaker”)
- Right coronary artery
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch
- Descending aorta
- Brachiocephalic trunk (know vessels that branch off this structure)
- Right common carotid artery
- Left common carotid artery
- Internal carotid artery
- External carotid artery
- Right subclavian artery
- Left subclavian artery
- Right & left vertebral arteries
Blood Flow
- Through the heart
- From heart ⇒ to lungs/from lungs
- From heart ⇒ out into body
