Lab Unit 01: Intro

Question 1

Cranial

Answer 1

• relating to the skull or cranium

* toward the head or cranium

Question 2

Caudal

Answer 2

toward the feet or tail region

Question 3

Superior

Answer 3

refers to a structure that is nearer the vertex, the topmost point of the cranium

Question 4

Inferior

Answer 4

refers to a structure that is nearer the sole of the foot

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

indicates that a structure is nearer to the median plane of the body

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

indicates that a structure is farther away from the median plane

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

nearer to the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

farther from the attachment of a limb or the central aspect of a linear structure

Question 9

Dorsal / Posterior

Answer 9

the back surface of the body

nearer to the back

Question 10

Ventral / Anterior

Answer 10

the front surface of the body

nearer to the front

Question 11

Rostal

Answer 11

• often used instead of anterior when describing parts of the brain
• nearer the anterior part of the head

Question 12

Palmar aspect / surface

Answer 12

• describes the surfaces of hands and fingers

* Dorsum + Palm

Question 13

Plantar aspect / surface

Answer 13

• describes the surfaces of the foot and toes

* Dorsum + Sole

Question 14

Median plane

Answer 14

(median sagittal plane)

• Midline of the body

Question 15

Sagittal planes

Answer 15

& coronal axis
• parallel to the median plane (midline)
• dividing the body into a left + right side
• Flexion + Extension

Question 16

Frontal / Coronal planes

Answer 16

& sagittal axis
• at a right angle to the median plane (midline)
• dividing the body in anterior + posterior
• Abduction & Adduction

Question 17

Transverse planes

Answer 17

& longitudinal axis
• horizontal planes
• dividing the body into an upper + lower part
• Rotation

Question 18

Dermatome

Answer 18

unilateral area of skin innervated by the fibers of a single spinal nerve

Question 19

Myotome

Answer 19

unilateral muscle mass receiving innervation from the fibers conveyed by a single spinal nerve

Question 20

Monosynaptic Reflex

Answer 20

A spinal level reflex which occurs with only one synapse between a single afferent nerve fiber and a single efferent nerve fiber. Formerly know as Deep Tendon Reflex.

Question 21

Dermatome Key Points for

C3 – C4 – C5 – C6 – C7 – C8 – T1 – L1 – L2 – L3 – L4 – L5 – S1 – S2

Answer 21

C3 - mastoid process
C4 - supraclavicualar fossa
C5 - mid deltoid
C6 - dorsal surface of 1st web space
       (between thumb and index finger)
C7 - dorsal surface of 3rd digit
C8 - medial border of the 5th digit
T1 - medial forearm
L1 - upper anterior thigh
L2 - middle anterior thigh
L3 - medial epicondyle of femor
L4 - medial malleolus
L5 - dorsal surface of the 1st MTP
S1 - lateral foot
S2 - medial calcaneus

Question 22

Myotomes for

C1-C2 – C3 – C4 – C5 – C6 – C7 – C8 – T1 – L1-L2 – L3-L4 – L5 – S1-S2

Answer 22

C1-C2 - cervical rotation
C3 - cervical extension
C4 - shoulder elevation
C5 - shoulder abduction + elbow flex
C6 - wrist ext
C7 - elbow ext
C8 - thumb ext + thumb abduction
T1 - finger abd/add
L1-L2 - hip flex
L3-L4 - knee ext
L5 - great toe ext + ankle dorsiflex
S1-S2 - plantar flex

Question 23

Reflexes for

C5 – C6 – C7 – L3-L4 – S1

Answer 23

C5 - biceps brachii
C6 - brachioradialis
C7 - tricepts
L3-L4 - patellar tendon
S1 - calcaneal tendon (Achille's tendon)