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Lab - Human Structure & Function > Lab Unit 02: Head & Brain > Flashcards

Lab Unit 02: Head & Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Masseter (Moore 922)

A

• Origin (PA): Inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch.
• Insertion (DA): Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via masseteric nerve).
• Action:
- Closing jaw by elevating mandible.
- Superficial fibers may make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible.

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2
Q

Temporalis – (Moore 922)

A

• Origin (PA):
Temporal fossa
+ temporal fascia.
• Insertion (DA):
Coronoid process
+ anterior border of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via deep temporal branches).
- Action:
- Closing jaw by elevating mandible.
- Posterior fibers are primary retractors of the mandible.

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3
Q

Medial Pterygoid – (Moore 992)

A

• Origin (PA):
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
+ pyramidal process of palatine bone
+ tuberosity of the maxilla.
• Insertion (DA): Medial surface of ramus of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via medial pterygoid nerve).
• Action:
- Elevates mandible
- Contributes to protrusion
- Alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements.

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4
Q

Lateral Pterygoid – (Moore 922)

A

• Origin (PA):
Infratemporal surface
+ crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid
+ lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
• DA:
- Superior: articular capsule and disk.
- Inferior: pterygoid fovea on neck of condyloid process of mandible.
• Nerve: CN V3 Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (via lateral pterygoid nerve).
• Action:
- Inferior: Bilaterally: protracts mandible and depresses chin.
- Unilaterally: lateral deviation to the contralateral side.
- Alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements.

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5
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (RCP Major) – (Moore 493, 494)

A 
• Origin: SP C2.
• Insertion: Lateral aspect of the inferior nuchal line.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extends head
   - Ipsilateral rotation.
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6
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (RCP Minor) – (Moore 493, 494)

A 
• Origin: Posterior tubercle of C1.
• Insertion: Medial aspect of inferior nuchal line.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extends head
   - Ipsilateral rotation.
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7
Q

Obliquus Capitis Superior – (Moore 493,494)

A 
• Origin: TP C1.
• Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal lines.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Extension of the head
   - Lateral flexion of the head.
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8
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior – (Moore 493, 494)

A 
• Origin: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2.
• Insertion: TP C1.
• Nerve: PR C1 (Suboccipital nerve).
• Action:
   - Rotates atlas
   - Turns the head ipsilaterally.
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9
Q

Skull

A
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Frontal bone
  • Temporal bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Parietal bone
  • Occipital bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Sutures
  • Other Landmarks
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10
Q

Temporal bone

A
  • Mastoid process
  • Styloid process
  • External acoustic meatus
  • Mandibular fossa
  • Zygomatic process
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11
Q

Sphenoid

A

• Sella turcica “turkish saddle”

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12
Q

Occipital bone

A
  • Occipital condyle
  • Foramen magnum
  • Superior nuchal line
  • Inferior nuchal line
  • External occipital protuberance
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13
Q

Ethmoid bone

A
  • Cribriform plate

* Crista galli

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14
Q

Sutures

A
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Lambdoid
  • Squamous
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15
Q

Other Landmarks on the skull

A
  • Bregma
  • Pterion
  • Lambda
  • Asterion
  • Glabella
  • Nasion
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16
Q

Temporomadibular Joint (TMJ)

A

• Mandible

  • Ramus
  • Angle
  • Body
  • Condylar process
  • Coronoid process
  • Mental foramen
  • Mental protuberance
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17
Q

Foramina of Cranial Base – (Netter 13)

A
  • Foramen of cribiform plate
  • Optic canal
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Foramen lacerum
  • Carotid canal
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Jugular foramen
  • Hypoglossal canal
  • Foramen magnum
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18
Q

Foramen of cribifrom plate

A

Olfactory nerve bundles

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19
Q

Optic canal

A

Optic nerve

20
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

CN III Occulomotor
CN IV Trochlear
CN V1 Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve
CN VI Abducens

21
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

CN V2 Maxillary division of Trigeminal nerve

22
Q

Foramen ovale

A

CN V3 Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve

23
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery & vein

Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

24
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Greater petrosal nerve

25
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

26
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII Facial

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

27
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus
CN XI Spinal Accessory
Internal jugular vein

28
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

29
Q

Foramne magnum

A 
Medulla oblongata
Meninges
Vertebral arteries
Meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
Spinal roots of CN XI Spinal Accessory
30
Q

Brain – General

A
  • Corpus Callosum
  • Substantia nigra
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Optic tract
  • Optic chiasm
  • Internal capsule
  • Thalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
  • Superior colliculus
  • Inferior colliculus
31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • Genu
  • Rostrum
  • Trunk
  • Splenium
32
Q

Brain – General

A
  • Corpus Callosum
  • Substantia nigra
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Optic tract
  • Optic chiasm
  • Internal capsule
  • Thalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus pallidus
  • Superior colliculus
  • Inferior colliculus
33
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • Genu
  • Rostrum
  • Trunk
  • Splenium
34
Q

Cerebral Hemispheres

A
  • Sulci
  • Gyri
  • Lobes
  • White matter
  • Gray matter
35
Q

Sulci

A
  • Central sulcus

* Lateral sulcus

36
Q

Gyri

A
  • Pre-central gyrus

* Post-central gyrus

37
Q

Lobes

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
38
Q

Cerebellum

A 
• Vermis
• Anterior lobe
• Posterior lobe
• Flocculonodular lobe
• Tonsil
• Cerebellar peduncle
   (attachment site as a whole, NOT specific
    peduncles)
39
Q

Pons

A

• Cerebellar peduncle

40
Q

Medulla

A
  • Olives
  • Pyramids
  • Decussation of pyramids
41
Q

Ventricular Sysem

A
  • Choroid plexus
  • Lateral ventricles
  • Interventricular foramen/Foramen of Monroe
  • 3rd ventricle
  • Cerebral aqueduct
  • 4th ventricle
  • Median Aperture(Foramen of Magendie)
  • Lateral Apertures(Foramen of Luschka)
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Transverse sagittal sinus
42
Q

Flow of CSF through the ventricular system

A

CSF is secreted by choroidal epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses in the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles.

CSF leaves lateral ventricles

  • -> interventricular foramina
  • -> 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct
  • -> 4th ventricle
  • -> single median aperture
  • -> paired lateral apertures
  • -> some CSF leaves 4th ventricle through subarachnoid space
  • -> most CSF –> interpenduncular cisterns –> flows thorugh sulci + fissures on the medial and superolateral surfaces of subarachnoid space
43
Q

Ventricular Sysem

A
  • Lateral ventricles
  • Interventricular foramen/Foramen of Monroe
  • 3rd ventricle
  • Cerebral aqueduct
  • 4th ventricle
  • Lateral Aperture(Foramen of Luschka)
  • Median Aperture(Foramen of Magendie)
  • Choroid plexus
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Transverse sagittal sinus
44
Q

Flow of CSF through the ventricular system

A

CSF leaves lateral ventricles –> interventricular foramina –> 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –>

45
Q

Cricle of Willis

A
  • Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
  • Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACA)
  • Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA)
  • Anterior Communicating Artery
  • Vertebral Arteries
  • Basilar Artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Arteries
  • Posterior Communicating Arteries
46
Q

Sub-occipital Triangle

A

Region of the neck bounded by the following three muscles of the suboccipital group of muscles:

• Rectus capitis posterior major
   - above and medially
• Obliquus capitis superior
   - above and laterally
• Obliquus capitis inferior
   - below and laterally
47
Q

Impairments associated with Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA)

A

May effect vision, cognition, or the motor function of parts of the body previously controlled by the now-damaged (ischemic area of the brain.

Lab - Human Structure & Function (7 decks)

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