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Prerequisites > lab test 3 > Flashcards

lab test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

exoenzyme

A

outside cell

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2
Q

where is endoenzyme substrate?

A

inside cell

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3
Q

which enzymes are classified as hydrolytic reactions?

A

exoenzymes

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4
Q

subtrates of exoenzymes are soluble or insoluble

A

insoluble which causes watery medium to have an opaque appearance

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5
Q

exoenzyme subtrates (4)

A
  • large
  • polymer
  • macromolecule
  • insoluble
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6
Q

exoenzyme end products (3)

A
  • small
  • monomer
  • soluble
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7
Q

what substances are present in the clear area around a streak of growth on a lipid plate? explain.

A

lipid hydrolysis took place and what is left on the clear area is the fatty acids, glycerols, and lipase enzymes.

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8
Q

would production of an endospore be catalyzed by an exo or endoenzymes?

A

endoenzymes because enzymes working inside of the cell create the spore

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9
Q

what does fermentation alwasy produce?

A

small, two or three carbon acids

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10
Q

what does fermentation sometimes produce?

A
  • 2-3 carbon alcohols
  • CO2 gas
  • H2 gas
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11
Q

which group for which patterns of sugar fermentation is most useful to test?

A

facultative organisms - they ferment some sugars but not all since they also do respiration

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12
Q

what does the Durham tube do?

A

capture any CO2 gas produced during fermentation

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13
Q

what are the three sugars used to identify facultative enterics?

A

glucose, lactose, sucrose

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14
Q

what carbohydrate fermentation result would be labeled with A?

A

acid with no gad

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15
Q

what carbohydrate fermentation result would be labeled with AG?

A

acid with gas in Durham tube

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16
Q

staph will always be catalase ____

A

positive

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17
Q

strept will always be catalase ____

A

negative

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18
Q

what does MRSA stand for?

A

methicillin resistant staph. aureus

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19
Q

what does VRSA stand for?

A

vancomycin resistant staph. aureus

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20
Q

what does it mean for a bacteria to be hemolytic?

A

they rupture RBCs to eat the contents inside them

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21
Q

what commonly used bacteria in lab is hemolytic?

A

staph. aureus

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22
Q

strep is gram (?)

A

positive

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23
Q

what selective medium would you use if you suspect an organism is staph after a positive catalase test?

A

mannitol salt agar

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24
Q

what sugar do most pathogenic strains of staph. aureas ferment?

A

mannitol

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25
Q

how will the pH indicatior show positive mannitol fermentation?

A

change from red to yellow

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26
Q

what sets micrococcus apart from staph?

A

it has bright yellow colonies

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27
Q

what is the most definitive test for staph.a?

A

coagulase

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28
Q

why is mannitol fermentation not a definitive test for staph. aureus?

A

bc it is not the only bacteria that can ferment mannitol

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29
Q

which strep is the causative agent of strep throat?

A

pyogenes

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30
Q

if a catalase test is negative than it may be…

A

a gram pos. streptococcus

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31
Q

what does gamma hemolysis look like?

A

nothing changed

32
Q

Lancefield group A:

A
  • strep. pyogenes
  • clear around A disk
33
Q

Lancefield group B:

A
  • strep. that colonizes vagina
  • risk of spreading meningitis to newborns
34
Q

Lancefield group D:

A
  • strep pneumoniae
  • clear around P disk
35
Q

what is the clearing around drug disk called?

A

zone of inhibition

36
Q

microaerophiles prefer…

A
  • dec. in O2
  • inc. in CO2
37
Q

what are the red patches at the back of your throat when you have strep?

A

breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis)

38
Q

what are the white patches at the back of your throat when you have strep?

A

strep bacteria

39
Q

how can the cytochrome oxidase test be useful if most bacteria have this enzyme anyways?

A

can be definitive if an organism lacks this enzyme

40
Q

oxidase containing organisms are classified as ___?

A

aerobes

41
Q

how do anaerobes remove hydrogen and and electrons frim carriers?

A

fermentation

42
Q

what does SIM stand for?

A

sulfure indole motility

43
Q

what does the SIM test detect?

A
  • motility
  • indole production
  • H2S production
44
Q

what kind of organism is the SIM test most useful for?

A

gram negative enteric rods

45
Q

Interpret the SIM result: cloudiness throughout

A
  • motile
  • (-) for H2S production
46
Q

Interpret the SIM result: black throughout

A
  • motile
  • (+) for H2S production
47
Q

Interpret the SIM result: cloudiness along stab line

A
  • non-motile
  • (-) for H2S production
48
Q

Interpret the SIM result: black along stab line

A
  • non-motile
  • (+) for H2S production
49
Q

what does H2S react with to make black precipitate?

A

Fe

50
Q

enzyme that breaks down tryptophan:

A

tryptophanase

51
Q

end product of tryptophanase:

A
  • indole
  • pyruvate
  • ammonia
52
Q

how much glucose in TSIA?

A

~0.1%

53
Q

how much lactose in TSIA?

A

~1.0%

54
Q

how much sucrose in TSIA?

A

~1.0%

55
Q

TSIA is used to differentiatie which kind of organisms?

A

facultative

56
Q

where does respiration occur in TSIA?

A

slant portion only

57
Q

what does glucose fermentation only look like in the tube?

A

red top yellow butt

58
Q

what dye is used for the pH indicatior in TSIA?

A

phenol red

59
Q

what does it look like if the organism ferments glucose + another sugar?

A

all yellow

60
Q

what if the organism does not ferment sugar at all?

A

red top orange butt

61
Q

which of the five reactions tested in TSIA would be undetectable if the glucose concentration was 1.0%?

A
  • glucose only fermenters would be undetectable
  • whole slant would be yellow
62
Q

what are the five TSIA reactions?

A
  • glucose fermentation
  • multiple sugar fermentation
  • CO2 production
  • H2S production
  • aerobic (respiration) + protein metabolism
63
Q

what does IMViC stand for?

A

Indole
Methyl red
Voges-proskauer
Citrate

64
Q

selective media

A

media that has toxins or dyes that inhibit the growth of some organisms but support the growth of others

65
Q

enriched media

A

media supplemented with blood or other nutrients to allow growth of organisms that cannot grow on generic media

66
Q

differential media

A

differentiates between dif types of organisms based on growth or color changes - Ex. on EMB lactose fermenters are dark purple or metallic green

67
Q

E.Coli IMViC results

A

++–

68
Q

order of IMViC results

A

indole test, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate

69
Q

enterobacter IMViC results

A

–++

70
Q

name for organisms that split glucose into pyruvate and ferment pyruvate into different acids

A

mixed acid fermenters

71
Q

what pH do mixed acid fermenters produce and what does that result look like in a tube?

A

4.0 - red

72
Q

what is unique about simmons citrate medium?

A

contains only INORGANIC nutrients such as NO3 and SO4

73
Q

what is the only organic molecule in a citrate test?

A

citrate - so if an organism does not have citrase it cannot use it

74
Q

what happens when CO2 combines with excess sodium in citrate test?

A

makes Na2CO3 which is basic

75
Q

what is the pH indicator used in the citrate test?

A

brothymol blue

Prerequisites (8 decks)

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