Lab Test 2 Flashcards
Rounded, articular projection
Condyle
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Facet
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Head
What are the four articulating surfaces
Condyle
Facet
Head
Trochlea
Pulley like process
Trochlea
Pit or socket in maxillae or mandible
Alveolus
Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Fossa
Narrow groove
Sulcus
Three types of depressions
Fossa
Sulcus
Alveolus
Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
Crest
Raised area on or above a condyle
Epicondyle
Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest
Line
Any bony prominence
Process
Bar like, branch like beam
Ramus
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Spine
Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process
Trochanter
Small rounded projection
Tubercle
Large rounded projection
Tuberosity
Furrow
Groove
Narrow, slit like opening
Fissure
Round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
Indentation at the edge of a structure
Notch
Passageway through a bone
Canal
Hollow or cavity
Sinus
All bones in the skull are attached by interlocking joints called
Sutures
Forms the superior, lateral and posterior walls of the skull
Cranial vault
Forms the bottom of the skull
Cranial floor
What bones is cranium is made up of
2 parietal 2 temporal Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid
The _______ joins the two parietal bones in the center of the skull
Sagittal suture
This joins the parietal bones to the frontal bones
Coronal suture
Parietal bones joins the temporal bone
Squamous suture
The bridge like projection joining the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process
Rounded depression anterior to the ear
Mandibular fossa
Canal leading to eardrum
External acoustic meatus
Needle like projection for attachment of tendons
Styloid process
Site of muscle attachment
Mastoid process
Site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bone
Lamboid suture
Large opening in the base of the occipital bone, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain
Foramen magnum
Most posterior bone of the cranium
Occipital bone
Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulates with the first cervical vertebra
Occipital condyles
Bat shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull
Sphenoid bone
Portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits
Greater wings
A saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline
Sella turica (Turks saddle)
Bat shaped portions of sphenoid
Lesser wings
Irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid; forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum and part of the medial orbit walls
Ethnomoid
Point of attachment helps secure brain in skull
Crista Galli (cocks comb)
Olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa
Cribriform plates
Increase air turbulence, warm and moisten air
Superior and middle nasal conchae
These lighten the skull and provide resonance chambers for speech
Paranasal sinuses
Behind your ear
Mastoid process
Most prominent part of your cheek
Zygomatic bone
How many single bones are called vertebrae
24
What cushions the vertebrae and absorbs shock
Intervertebral discs
How many cervical vertebrae
7
How many thoracic vertebrae
12
How many lumbar vertebrae
5
Are you born with primary or secondary curvatures
Primary
What’s an example of primary curvatures
Thoracic and sacral
What type of curvatures are cervical and lumbar
Secondary
C1
Atlas
C2
Axis
How many pairs of ribs do we have
12
How many true ribs
1-7
Which ribs are false ribs
8-12
Which ribs are floating
11 and 12
The skeleton is composed of
Cartilage and bone
Function of the skeleton
Support and protect
Site of skeletal muscle attachment
Storage for lipids and minerals
Site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
Hardness of bone is due to the _______ in its ground substance
Inorganic calcium salts
Where does the flexibility of bone come from
The organic elements of the matrix, particularly the collagen fibers
What is the fetal skeleton made of
Primarily hyaline cartilage
The bones that lie around the body’s center of gravity
Axial skeleton
Bones of the limbs
Appendicular skeleton
What are the two kinds of osseous tissue
Compact bone
Spongy (cancellous) bone
Composed of trabeculae, bones with lots of open space
Spongy bone
Smooth and homogenous bone
Compact bone
Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone, carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels through the bony matrix
Central Haversian Canal
Bone-building cells, clustered around central canals
Osteocytes
These destroy bones
Osteoclasts
Precursors to bone cells
Osteoprogenitor
Chambers in which osteocytes lie, arranged in concentric circles
Lacunae
Concentric circles of lacunae arranged around the central canal
Concentric lamellae
The central canal + all the concentric lamallae surrounding it
Osteon or Haversian system
Nutrient supply for all cells
Canaliculi
Communication pathway between bone exterior and interior
Perforating (volkmann’s canals)
Bone formation and growth in length
Ossification
Composed predominantly of compact bone
Long bones
Examples of long bone
Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals
Typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone
Short bones
Short bone examples
Carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus
Generally thin, two wafer like layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them
Flat bone
Any bones that do not fall under the category of long, short or flat
Irregular bones
Examples of irregular bones
Vertebrae, ilium, Ishium, pubis
Examples of flat bones
Skull, scapula, ribs, clavicle
What type of bones are sesamoid bones
Short bones formed in tendons
Tiny bones formed between cranial bones
Wormian or sutural bones
