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Bio Lab > Lab Test 2 > Flashcards

Lab Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rounded, articular projection

A

Condyle

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2
Q

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

Facet

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3
Q

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

Head

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4
Q

What are the four articulating surfaces

A

Condyle
Facet
Head
Trochlea

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5
Q

Pulley like process

A

Trochlea

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6
Q

Pit or socket in maxillae or mandible

A

Alveolus

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7
Q

Shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

Fossa

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8
Q

Narrow groove

A

Sulcus

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9
Q

Three types of depressions

A

Fossa
Sulcus
Alveolus

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10
Q

Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

A

Crest

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11
Q

Raised area on or above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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12
Q

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest

A

Line

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13
Q

Any bony prominence

A

Process

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14
Q

Bar like, branch like beam

A

Ramus

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15
Q

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

A

Spine

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16
Q

Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process

A

Trochanter

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17
Q

Small rounded projection

A

Tubercle

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18
Q

Large rounded projection

A

Tuberosity

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19
Q

Furrow

A

Groove

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20
Q

Narrow, slit like opening

A

Fissure

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21
Q

Round or oval opening through a bone

A

Foramen

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22
Q

Indentation at the edge of a structure

A

Notch

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23
Q

Passageway through a bone

A

Canal

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24
Q

Hollow or cavity

A

Sinus

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25
Q

All bones in the skull are attached by interlocking joints called

A

Sutures

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26
Q

Forms the superior, lateral and posterior walls of the skull

A

Cranial vault

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27
Q

Forms the bottom of the skull

A

Cranial floor

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28
Q

What bones is cranium is made up of

A 
2 parietal
2 temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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29
Q

The _______ joins the two parietal bones in the center of the skull

A

Sagittal suture

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30
Q

This joins the parietal bones to the frontal bones

A

Coronal suture

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31
Q

Parietal bones joins the temporal bone

A

Squamous suture

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32
Q

The bridge like projection joining the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch

A

Zygomatic process

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33
Q

Rounded depression anterior to the ear

A

Mandibular fossa

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34
Q

Canal leading to eardrum

A

External acoustic meatus

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35
Q

Needle like projection for attachment of tendons

A

Styloid process

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36
Q

Site of muscle attachment

A

Mastoid process

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37
Q

Site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bone

A

Lamboid suture

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38
Q

Large opening in the base of the occipital bone, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

A

Foramen magnum

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39
Q

Most posterior bone of the cranium

A

Occipital bone

40
Q

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulates with the first cervical vertebra

A

Occipital condyles

41
Q

Bat shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull

A

Sphenoid bone

42
Q

Portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits

A

Greater wings

43
Q

A saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline

A

Sella turica (Turks saddle)

44
Q

Bat shaped portions of sphenoid

A

Lesser wings

45
Q

Irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid; forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum and part of the medial orbit walls

A

Ethnomoid

46
Q

Point of attachment helps secure brain in skull

A

Crista Galli (cocks comb)

47
Q

Olfactory fibers pass to the brain from the nasal mucosa

A

Cribriform plates

48
Q

Increase air turbulence, warm and moisten air

A

Superior and middle nasal conchae

49
Q

These lighten the skull and provide resonance chambers for speech

A

Paranasal sinuses

50
Q

Behind your ear

A

Mastoid process

51
Q

Most prominent part of your cheek

A

Zygomatic bone

52
Q

How many single bones are called vertebrae

A

24

53
Q

What cushions the vertebrae and absorbs shock

A

Intervertebral discs

54
Q

How many cervical vertebrae

A

7

55
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

56
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

57
Q

Are you born with primary or secondary curvatures

A

Primary

58
Q

What’s an example of primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and sacral

59
Q

What type of curvatures are cervical and lumbar

A

Secondary

60
Q

C1

A

Atlas

61
Q

C2

A

Axis

62
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

63
Q

How many true ribs

A

1-7

64
Q

Which ribs are false ribs

A

8-12

65
Q

Which ribs are floating

A

11 and 12

66
Q

The skeleton is composed of

A

Cartilage and bone

67
Q

Function of the skeleton

A

Support and protect
Site of skeletal muscle attachment
Storage for lipids and minerals
Site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

68
Q

Hardness of bone is due to the _______ in its ground substance

A

Inorganic calcium salts

69
Q

Where does the flexibility of bone come from

A

The organic elements of the matrix, particularly the collagen fibers

70
Q

What is the fetal skeleton made of

A

Primarily hyaline cartilage

71
Q

The bones that lie around the body’s center of gravity

A

Axial skeleton

72
Q

Bones of the limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

73
Q

What are the two kinds of osseous tissue

A

Compact bone

Spongy (cancellous) bone

74
Q

Composed of trabeculae, bones with lots of open space

A

Spongy bone

75
Q

Smooth and homogenous bone

A

Compact bone

76
Q

Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone, carries blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels through the bony matrix

A

Central Haversian Canal

77
Q

Bone-building cells, clustered around central canals

A

Osteocytes

78
Q

These destroy bones

A

Osteoclasts

79
Q

Precursors to bone cells

A

Osteoprogenitor

80
Q

Chambers in which osteocytes lie, arranged in concentric circles

A

Lacunae

81
Q

Concentric circles of lacunae arranged around the central canal

A

Concentric lamellae

82
Q

The central canal + all the concentric lamallae surrounding it

A

Osteon or Haversian system

83
Q

Nutrient supply for all cells

A

Canaliculi

84
Q

Communication pathway between bone exterior and interior

A

Perforating (volkmann’s canals)

85
Q

Bone formation and growth in length

A

Ossification

86
Q

Composed predominantly of compact bone

A

Long bones

87
Q

Examples of long bone

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals

88
Q

Typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone

A

Short bones

89
Q

Short bone examples

A

Carpals, tarsals, patella, calcaneus

90
Q

Generally thin, two wafer like layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them

A

Flat bone

91
Q

Any bones that do not fall under the category of long, short or flat

A

Irregular bones

92
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, ilium, Ishium, pubis

93
Q

Examples of flat bones

A

Skull, scapula, ribs, clavicle

94
Q

What type of bones are sesamoid bones

A

Short bones formed in tendons

95
Q

Tiny bones formed between cranial bones

A

Wormian or sutural bones

Bio Lab (6 decks)

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