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Lab Test 1 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Used to detect the presence of reducing sugars, including monosaccharides and some disaccharides

A

Benedict’s test

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2
Q

Used to detect the presence of the polysaccharide starch

A

Iodine test

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3
Q

What color is a positive iodine test

A

Blue-black

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4
Q

What color is a positive Benedict’s test

A

Brick red, orange and kind of yellow and green (negative is blue)

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5
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A

Sudan IV dye

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6
Q

What color will a positive Sudan IV test turn

A

Bright red

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7
Q

What test can be used to detect the presence of amino acids

A

Ninhydrin

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8
Q

What color will a positive ninhydrin test turn

A

Purple or yellow

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9
Q

What test is used to detect polypeptides and proteins

A

Biuret test

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10
Q

What color is a positive biuret test

A

Pink or purple

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11
Q

What four groups of lipids are there

A

Neutral lipids
Phospholipids
Steroids
Other lipid substances

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12
Q

What are the building blocks of neutral lipids

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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13
Q

What are the building blocks of phospholipids

A

Glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

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14
Q

Lipids are ________ in water

A

Insoluble

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15
Q

Formed within or outside a biological system and may or may not contain carbon

A

Inorganic molecules

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16
Q

Contain carbon and are made up by biological systems

A

Organic molecules

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17
Q

Four types of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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18
Q

What does saccharide means

A

Sugar

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19
Q

How many carbons long are most monosaccharides

A

3-7

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20
Q

Formed when two monosaccharides are joined together with the elimination of a water molecule

A

Disaccharide

Dehydration condensation synthesis

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21
Q

Major storage form of carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals

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22
Q

How can you break down polysaccharides

A

Hydrolysis

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23
Q

Phosphate is ______

A

Hydrophilic and polar

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24
Q

4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings that are insoluble in water

A

Steroids

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25
Fat soluble vitamins
A, E, K
26
What are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
27
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there
20
28
Amino acids are linked together by
Peptide bonds
29
Ocular lens magnifies 10x and objective lens magnifies 40x =?
10x x 40x = 400 total magnification
30
What are the layers of the epidermis
``` Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum ```
31
What makes up the stratum germinativum
Stratum basale | Stratum spinosum
32
The deepest layer, composed of a single layer of cells
Stratum basale
33
Consists of serval layers of keratinocytes that appear prickly or spiny
Stratum spinosum
34
Consists of three to five layers of cells that appear granular and darker in color
Stratum granulosum
35
Present only in thick skin, which is located on the hand and foot
Stratum lucidum
36
Consists of multiple layers (20-30) of dead, scaly interlocking keratinocytes
Stratum corneum
37
Spiky hemispheres, that in conjunction with sensory nerve endings form sensitive touch receptors
(Tactile) Merkel cells
38
10% to 25% of cells in this layer are melanocytes
Stratum basale
39
These cells are constantly underlying mitotic cell division
Stratum basale
40
Which two layers receive nourishment from the dermis
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum
41
At the upper border of this layer the cells are beginning to die
Stratum granulosum
42
These produce the fingerprints
Dermal papillae
43
Which sweat glands are predominantly in the axillary and genitalia areas
Apocrine glands
44
Parts of the dermis
Papillary layer | Reticular layer
45
Paired organelles that are used to organize the spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes during mitosis
Centrioles
46
Genetic material within the nucleus
Chromatin
47
Includes cellular organelles and cytosine that contains enzymes that mediate cytosic reactions
Cytoplasm
48
Site of lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and alcohol
ER
49
A stack of flattened membranes that receive proteins from the rough ER and then modify, package and sort them for delivery
Golgi apparatus
50
Membrane enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes that breakdown intracellular debris
Lysosomes
51
Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes
Nucleolus
52
Contains the cells genetic material
Nucleus
53
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
54
The period during which the cell grows and carries out it’s usual activities
Interphase
55
When the cell reproduces itself by diving
Cell division
56
Stages of mitosis
``` Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase ```
57
Loose chromatic is visible within the nucleus of the cell
Interphase
58
Chromosomes become visible as the chromatin coils
Prophase
59
Chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell
Metaphase
60
Chromosomes are being pulled towards opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase
61
Chromosomes are located almost entirely at the opposite ends of the cell
Telophase
62
Produces 2 daughter nuclei genetically identical to the mother nucleus
Mitosis
63
Yields four daughter nuclei that are genetically different from the mother nucleus
Meosis
64
The cell provides energy to power the transport process
Active transport
65
Driven by concentration or pressure differences
Passive transport
66
Substance moves from higher to lower concentration and does not require energy
Diffusion
67
Water moving from a lesser to greater solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
68
Refers to relative spilts concentration of two fluids
Tonicity
69
Having more solutes; cells loses water and shrivels
Hypertonic
70
Having the same amount of solutes; normal size
Isotonic
71
Having fewer solutes; cells are bloated from water
Hypertonic

Bio Lab (6 decks)

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