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Bio Lab > Lab Test 1 > Flashcards

Lab Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Used to detect the presence of reducing sugars, including monosaccharides and some disaccharides

A

Benedict’s test

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2
Q

Used to detect the presence of the polysaccharide starch

A

Iodine test

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3
Q

What color is a positive iodine test

A

Blue-black

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4
Q

What color is a positive Benedict’s test

A

Brick red, orange and kind of yellow and green (negative is blue)

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5
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A

Sudan IV dye

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6
Q

What color will a positive Sudan IV test turn

A

Bright red

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7
Q

What test can be used to detect the presence of amino acids

A

Ninhydrin

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8
Q

What color will a positive ninhydrin test turn

A

Purple or yellow

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9
Q

What test is used to detect polypeptides and proteins

A

Biuret test

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10
Q

What color is a positive biuret test

A

Pink or purple

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11
Q

What four groups of lipids are there

A

Neutral lipids
Phospholipids
Steroids
Other lipid substances

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12
Q

What are the building blocks of neutral lipids

A

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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13
Q

What are the building blocks of phospholipids

A

Glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

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14
Q

Lipids are ________ in water

A

Insoluble

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15
Q

Formed within or outside a biological system and may or may not contain carbon

A

Inorganic molecules

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16
Q

Contain carbon and are made up by biological systems

A

Organic molecules

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17
Q

Four types of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

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18
Q

What does saccharide means

A

Sugar

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19
Q

How many carbons long are most monosaccharides

A

3-7

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20
Q

Formed when two monosaccharides are joined together with the elimination of a water molecule

A

Disaccharide

Dehydration condensation synthesis

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21
Q

Major storage form of carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals

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22
Q

How can you break down polysaccharides

A

Hydrolysis

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23
Q

Phosphate is ______

A

Hydrophilic and polar

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24
Q

4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings that are insoluble in water

A

Steroids

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25
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, E, K

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26
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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27
Q

How many naturally occurring amino acids are there

A

20

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28
Q

Amino acids are linked together by

A

Peptide bonds

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29
Q

Ocular lens magnifies 10x and objective lens magnifies 40x =?

A

10x x 40x = 400 total magnification

30
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
31
Q

What makes up the stratum germinativum

A

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

32
Q

The deepest layer, composed of a single layer of cells

A

Stratum basale

33
Q

Consists of serval layers of keratinocytes that appear prickly or spiny

A

Stratum spinosum

34
Q

Consists of three to five layers of cells that appear granular and darker in color

A

Stratum granulosum

35
Q

Present only in thick skin, which is located on the hand and foot

A

Stratum lucidum

36
Q

Consists of multiple layers (20-30) of dead, scaly interlocking keratinocytes

A

Stratum corneum

37
Q

Spiky hemispheres, that in conjunction with sensory nerve endings form sensitive touch receptors

A

(Tactile) Merkel cells

38
Q

10% to 25% of cells in this layer are melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

39
Q

These cells are constantly underlying mitotic cell division

A

Stratum basale

40
Q

Which two layers receive nourishment from the dermis

A

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum

41
Q

At the upper border of this layer the cells are beginning to die

A

Stratum granulosum

42
Q

These produce the fingerprints

A

Dermal papillae

43
Q

Which sweat glands are predominantly in the axillary and genitalia areas

A

Apocrine glands

44
Q

Parts of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

45
Q

Paired organelles that are used to organize the spindle microtubules that attach to chromosomes during mitosis

A

Centrioles

46
Q

Genetic material within the nucleus

A

Chromatin

47
Q

Includes cellular organelles and cytosine that contains enzymes that mediate cytosic reactions

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

Site of lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and alcohol

A

ER

49
Q

A stack of flattened membranes that receive proteins from the rough ER and then modify, package and sort them for delivery

A

Golgi apparatus

50
Q

Membrane enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes that breakdown intracellular debris

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

52
Q

Contains the cells genetic material

A

Nucleus

53
Q

Sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

54
Q

The period during which the cell grows and carries out it’s usual activities

A

Interphase

55
Q

When the cell reproduces itself by diving

A

Cell division

56
Q

Stages of mitosis

A 
Interphase 
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase
Telophase
57
Q

Loose chromatic is visible within the nucleus of the cell

A

Interphase

58
Q

Chromosomes become visible as the chromatin coils

A

Prophase

59
Q

Chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell

A

Metaphase

60
Q

Chromosomes are being pulled towards opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

61
Q

Chromosomes are located almost entirely at the opposite ends of the cell

A

Telophase

62
Q

Produces 2 daughter nuclei genetically identical to the mother nucleus

A

Mitosis

63
Q

Yields four daughter nuclei that are genetically different from the mother nucleus

A

Meosis

64
Q

The cell provides energy to power the transport process

A

Active transport

65
Q

Driven by concentration or pressure differences

A

Passive transport

66
Q

Substance moves from higher to lower concentration and does not require energy

A

Diffusion

67
Q

Water moving from a lesser to greater solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

68
Q

Refers to relative spilts concentration of two fluids

A

Tonicity

69
Q

Having more solutes; cells loses water and shrivels

A

Hypertonic

70
Q

Having the same amount of solutes; normal size

A

Isotonic

71
Q

Having fewer solutes; cells are bloated from water

A

Hypertonic

Bio Lab (6 decks)

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