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Bio Lab > Lab 13 > Flashcards

Lab 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cutaneous Sensations

A
  1. Tactile sensations
  2. Thermoreceptive Sensations (heat and cold)
  3. Pain Sensations
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2
Q

Tactile Sensations

A
  1. Touch
  2. Pressure
  3. Vibration
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3
Q

Touch

A

(a) Root Hair Plexuses
(b) Free (naked) Nerve Endings
(c) Merkel’s Discs
(d) Meissner’s Corpuscles (corpuscles of touch/tactile receptors)
(e) Ruffini

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4
Q

Pressure

A

(a) Free Nerve Endings

(b) Lamellated or Pacinian Corpuscles

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5
Q

Vibration

A

(a) Corpuscles of Touch (Meissner’s Corpuscles) (b) Lamellated Corpuscles (Pacinian Corpuscles)

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6
Q

Thermoreceptive Sensations (heat and cold)

A
  • free nerve endings

- Krause’s end bulbs (cold)

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7
Q

Pain Sensations

A

(1) Somatic Pain

(2) Visceral Pain

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8
Q

nocieptors

A

pain receptors

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9
Q

most pain here is referred pain

A

visceral pain

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10
Q

Receptors

A

(1) Muscle Spindles
(2) Tendon Organs [Golgi Tendon Organs]
(3) Joint Kinesthetic Receptors
(4) Maculae and Cristae (in inner ear)

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11
Q

taste buds consist of 3 kinds of cells:

A

(1) Supporting (sustentacular) Cells

(2) Gustatory Cells (3) Basal Cells

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12
Q

are receptor cells themselves neurons

A

no

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13
Q

Location of Taste Buds

A

(1) Circumvallate (or vallate) Papillae
(2) Fungiform Papillae
(3) Filiform Papillae
(4) Foliate Papillae

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14
Q

all have taste buds

A

Circumvallate (or vallate) Papillae

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15
Q

most have taste buds; tip and sides

A

Fungiform Papillae

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16
Q

rarely have taste buds; anterior 2/3

A

Filiform Papillae

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17
Q

have taste buds; deep sides

A

Foliate Papillae

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18
Q

Special senses

A

Gustation (Taste)
Olfaction (Smell)
Vision (The Retina)
Hearing

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19
Q

Structure of Receptors

A

(1) Supporting (sustentacular) Cells
(2) Olfactory Receptor Cells with olfactory cilia
(3) Basal Cells

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20
Q

what type of neurons are olfactory receptor cells with olfactory cilia

A

bipolar

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21
Q

rich sebaceous glands

A

eyebrows

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22
Q

palpebrae

A

eyelids

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23
Q

ciliary glands

A

eyelashes

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24
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

(1) Lacrimal Gland
(2) Lacrimal Ducts
(3) Lacrimal Punctum
(4) Lacrimal Canals (canaliculi)
(5) Lacrimal Sac (nasolacrimal duct)

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25
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A

lateral rectus
supeior oblique
all of the rest

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26
Q

lateral rectus

A

VI abducens

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27
Q

superior oblique

A

IV trochlear

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28
Q

all of the rest

A

3 occulomotor

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29
Q

Internal Anatomy of the Eye is divided into 3 layers:

A

Fibrous Tunic Vascular Tunic or Uvea

Nervous Tunic

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30
Q

extrinsic eye muscles attach here

A

sclera

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31
Q

1st element of the light focusing system

A

cornea

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32
Q

fibrous tunic

A

sclera and cornea

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33
Q

vascular tunic or uvea

A

choroid, cilary body, iris

pupil

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34
Q

nervous tunic

A

retina

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35
Q
  • nonreflecting dark pigment

- vascular

A

choroid

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36
Q

what makes up the ciliary body

A

ciliary process, ciliary ring, ciliary muscles

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37
Q

when the circular muscles in the iris constrict, are they sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

parasympathetic

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38
Q

when the radial muscles in the iris dilate, are they sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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39
Q

three zones of the retina named in the order in which they conduct impulses

A
  1. photoreceptor neurons
  2. bipolar neurons
  3. ganglion neurons
40
Q

what percent are rod cells

A

95%

41
Q

what percent are cone cells

A

5%

42
Q

where is the anterior chamber

A

in front of the iris

43
Q

where is the posterior chamber

A

behind the iris

44
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness

A

glaucoma

45
Q

what is glaucoma

A

too much intraocular pressure

46
Q

lens becomes cloudy due to calcium deposits and the breakdown of proteins

A

cataracts

47
Q

what do the lens do

A

focusing system

48
Q

optic disc

A

blind spot

49
Q

macula lutea

A

yellow spot

50
Q

emmetropic eye

A

normal

51
Q

myopic eye

A

nearsighted

52
Q

hyperopic eye

A

farsighted

53
Q

eye too short or refracting parts too weak (image behind

retina)

A

hyperopic eye

54
Q

how do you correct farsightedness

A

convex lens

55
Q

eye too long or refracting parts too strong (image in front of retina)

A

myopic move

56
Q

how do you correct nearsightedness

A

concave lens

57
Q

unequal curvature of the lens and/or cornea

A

astigmatism

58
Q
  • long tube coiled like a snail shell

- the organ of hearing

A

cochlea

59
Q

what are the three canals of the cochlea

A

(1) vestibular canal (scala vestibuli) (2) tympanic canal (scala tympani)
(3) cochlear canal (scala media)

60
Q

sensory portion of the cochlea

A

organ of corti

61
Q

hangs over the organ of Corti

A

tectorial membrane

62
Q

a complicated labyrinth of interconnected, fluid-filled chambers and canals

A

Inner Ear (internal ear) or Labyrinth

63
Q

refers to orientation of body relative to the ground (gravity)

A

static equilibrium

64
Q

maintenance of body position in response to sudden movements (rotation, acceleration, deceleration)

A

dynamic equilibrium

65
Q

concerned with the sense of

equilibrium) kinetic/dynamic

A

semicircular canals

66
Q

awareness of stimuli

A

sensation

67
Q

interpretation of stimuli

A

perception

68
Q

brain refers sensation to point of stimulus

A

projection

69
Q

decrease in sensitivity to stimuli

A

adapatation

70
Q

sensations that persist even after stimuli

A

after image

71
Q

specific type of sensation felt

A

modality

72
Q

receptors under touch

A 
root hair plexus
free naked nerve endings
merkels discs
meissner's corpuscles
ruffini's corpuscles
lamallated or pacicinian corpuscles
73
Q

root hair plexus

A

network of roots around the hair, not encapsulated

74
Q

where are the free naked nerve endings found?

A

everywhere in the skin and other tissues, not encapsulated

75
Q

light touch, found in the epidermis, not encapsulated, free dendritic endings

A

merkel’s discs

76
Q

fine and discriminatory touch, found in the dermis and hairless areas, encapsulated

A

meissner’s corpuscles

77
Q

deep in the dermis, heavy and continuous touch, encapsulated

A

ruffinis corpuscles

78
Q

deep in the dermis or subcutaneous, deep pressure

A

pacinian corpuscles

79
Q

which two receptors deal with vibration?

A

pacinian and meissners (meissners detects a lower frequency and pacinian detects a higher frequency)

80
Q

thermoreceptors

A

krause’s end bulbs
16,000 heat receptors in skin
cold receptors more abundant than heat
pain receptors are 27x more abundant than cold

81
Q

detect cold, modified meissner’s, found in muscus membranes

A

krause’s end bulbs

82
Q

what percent of taste is smell

A

80%

83
Q

circumvallate

A

all have taste buds

84
Q

fungiform

A

most have taste buds

85
Q

filiform

A

rarely have taste buds

86
Q

foliate

A

all have taste buds, most sensitive

87
Q

what are the 5 tastes

A 
sweet
sour
salty
bitter
umami
88
Q

how long does it take for complete gustatory adaptation to take place?

A

1-5 minutes

89
Q

how long does it take for partial gustatory adaptation to take place?

A

3-5 seconds

90
Q

what taste are we most sensitive to?

A

bitter and sour

91
Q

what taste are we least sensitive to?

A

sweet and salty

92
Q

what is the pathway for gustatory

A 
facial (VII)
Glosso (IX)
Vagus (X)
Medulla 
thalamus
parietal lobe
93
Q

how fast is olfactory adaptation

A

50% within 1 second, 100% in 1 minutes

94
Q

olfactory pathway

A

olfactory (I)
Olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
cerebral cortex

95
Q

what are your palpebrae

A

eyelids

Bio Lab (6 decks)

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