Lab test 2 Flashcards
How can cells be obtained?
(enzymatic or mechanical means before cultivation
a) grinding tissue to disaggregate it
b) disaggregation by enzyme
Adherent cells
a) anchorage-dependent
b) propagate as a monolayer attached to cell cx vessel
ex) fibroblast, astrocytes
Suspension cells
a) can survive and proliferate without being attached to a substratum
ex) hematopoietic cells, some malignant tumor cells
Finite cell line
- cells usually divide only a limited number of times before losing their ability to proliferate
- cell lines whose telomeres get shortened each replication
Continuous cell line
-cell lines are immortal which can occur spontaneously or can be chemically or virally induced
What are applications of cell culture?
- modeling systems for studying normal physiology and biochemistry of cells
- drug screening & development
- large scale manufacturing of biological compounds such as vaccines, therapeutic proteins
Cell Cx hood
- laminar flow hood
- biosafety cabinet
- used to reduce the presence of airborne contaminates
Incubator (humid CO2 incubator recommended)
- required to maintain optimal carbon dioxide concentration and temperature
- 5% Co2 (the concentration found in the blood)
- 37 degrees Celsius
telomers
- function is to protect the actual important DNA
- found on the end of DNA sequences
- long span of repeating sequence that gets cut every replication
What are basic requirements of cell culture
- cell cx hood, incubator, water bath, centrifuge, refrigerator & freezer, microscope, sterilizer, vessels, pipettes, media
Mammalian cell base media
DMEM
- most commonly used medium for mammalian cells
- contains about 4x as much vitamins and AAs present in the original formula & two to 4 times as much glucose
Mammalian cell complete media components
- DMEM
- ABx
- FBS serum
FBS
- Fetal bovine serum
- contains large number of growth promoting activities
- it buffers toxic nutrients by binding them
- it neutralizes trypsin and other proteases
- it contains peptide hormones/hormone like growth factors that promote healthy growth
Typical cell culture media mix
- salts
- amino acids
- sugar
- vitamins
- serum
- antibiotics
Aseptic hood technique
- gloves
- 70% ethanol spray
- completly in hood
PBS
phosphate buffer solution
- salt solution
- use to wash cells
- has same osmalarity of mammalian cells
Cell seeding
transfer of a predetermined concentration of cells to a new vessel
Confluence
refers to the proportion of the surface which is covered by cells
Cell passaging
- process of transferring cells to new vessels providing more media and space
- done when they reach to 80-90% confluency in flask/dishes/plates
- cells are typically passaged before becoming fully confluent in order to maintain their proliferation
Steps of cell passaging
- remove old media from original plate using serological pipette or new tip
- use a new tip to wash with PBS, then remove
- add 80 um of trypsin/edta from top of each well to cover surface of well
- incubate plate for 5 min with trypsin
- remove plate from incubator, add growth media to inhibit trypsin
- add whole solution of each well to a new and sterile centrifuge tube
- centrifuge solution
- remove surfactant
- break pellet and mix into solution
- perform cell count using hemocytometer
trypsin
protease used to remove cells from the surface of the plate
Rhodamine phalloidin stain components
- has 2 components
a) rhodamine
b) phalloidin - a high affinity F-actin probe conjugated to TRITC
TRITC
tetramethylrhodamine
-red-orange fluorescent dye