(1) Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Molecular Biology Flashcards
Genes
- studied by Gregor Mendel
- a pair of inherited factors which are expressed as traits
Allele
One gene copy
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype
Resulting physical appearance based on the genotype
Diploid
- most cells of plants and animals are diploid
- contain two copies of each chromosome
Meiosis
- formation of germ cell
- only one member of each chromosome pair is transmitted to the progeny cell
Haploid
- sperm and egg
- contain one copy of each chromosome
Linked Genes
genes located on the same chromosome and are inherited together
What happens during gene segregation process?
Two hypothetical genes are located on different chromosomes.
- Chromosomes segregate independently at meiosis.
- F1 generation gives rise to 4 different types of gametes
- F2 generation displays four distinct phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio
What happens during gene linkage process?
- Two genes are located on the same chromosome
- genes do not separate from each other at meiosis
- F1 generation produces only 2 types of gametes
- F2 generation displays only 2 phenotypes in a 3:1 ration that is characteristic of inheritance of a single gene
How often does a DNA alpha helix turn?
3.4 nm.
What is the distance between adjacent bases in DNA?
0.34 nm
How is DNA arranged?
- double alpha helix right hand twist
- H bonds are formed between purines and pyrimidines on opposite chains
DNA replication process
Semiconservative replication of DNA
one strand of parental DNA is conserved in each progeny DNA molecule
DNA polymerase
-If DNA is acting as a template, DNA polymerase directed the incorporation of nucleotides into complementary DNA molecule