Lab Test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

gene that is expressed when only one copy of the allele is present (Aa, AA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

gene that is expressed only when two copies are present (aa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

observable characteristic or traits/ expression of genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic code, pair of alleles an individual has for each gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

two of the same allele (AA, aa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

alleles are different (Aa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

there is only one copy of chromosomes (n=23)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

there are two copies of chromosomes (2n=46, 23 pairs of chromosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Hardy-Weinburg equation?

A

p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does it mean when a population is in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?

A

there is no significant change in allele frequencies (<.1) from one generation to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three domains of life?

A

Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between the domains bacteria and eukarya?

A

bacteria have no nucleus, Eukarya do have a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus- spherical
Bacillus- rod
Spirillum- spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?

A

Autotrophs- make their own food (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs- must eat or absorb their food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of autotrophic bacteria?

A

Anabaena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the domain and kingdom of protists?

A

Eukarya, Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of an autotrophic protist?

A

Red and Brown Algae (seaweed)
Green Algae (spirogyra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some examples of heterotrophic protists?

A

Euglena, Paramecium, Stentor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Hydra?

A

Animalia, Cnidaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Rotifer?

A

Animalia, Rotifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Planaria?

A

Animalia, Platyhelminthes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Sponge?

A

Animalia, Porifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Crayfish?

A

Animalia, Arthropoda (Crustacean)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the kingdom and phylum of Grasshopper?

A

Animalia, Arthropoda (Hexapoda)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the difference between spongin and spicule?

A

Spongin is soft and squishy
Spicule is hard and spikey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the osculum pore in a sponge and where is it?

A

Excurrent pore- one at the top center of the sponge

27
Q

Where are the incurrent pores on a sponge?

A

Multiple along the sides

28
Q

What type of feeders are sponges and clams?

A

Filter feeders

29
Q

How many body segments does a crayfish have?

A

2

30
Q

What are a crayfish’s appendages?

A

antennae, mouthparts, swimmerets

31
Q

What is the function of a crayfish’s swimmerets?

A

Help with swimming and carrying eggs

32
Q

What are the functions of a crayfish’s mouthparts?

A

aid in feeding and manipulating food

33
Q

What are the functions of a crayfish’s antennae?

A

sense their environment

34
Q

How many body segments does a grasshopper have?

A

3

35
Q

What are a grasshopper’s appendages?

A

antennae, 6 legs, 2 pairs of wings

36
Q

What is the function of spiracles on the abdomen of a grasshopper?

A

Intake air

37
Q

What is the difference between a digestive tract and gastrovascular cavity?

A

digestive tract- has two openings
Gastrovascular cavity- has one opening

38
Q

Do hydra and planarias have a digestive tract or gastrovascular cavity?

A

Gastrovascular cavity

39
Q

What is the kingdom, phylum, and class of clam?

A

Animalia, Mullusca, Bivalve

40
Q

What is the kingdom, phylum, and class of Earthworm?

A

Animalia, Annelida, Oligochaeta

41
Q

What are the organs in a clam?

A

Mantle- thin layer of tissue between shell and organs
Coelum- open space between shell and organs
Foot- extends out of clam to move
Gills- gas exchange
Visceral sac- contains stomach, heart, intestines

42
Q

What are the organs of an earthworm?

A

crop- holds food prior to digestion
gizzard- grinds food
intestine- digests and absorbs food
seminal receptacle- receives sperm from mate
seminal vesicle- makes sperm

43
Q

What is the function of the adductor muscle in clams?

A

To keep the shells closed

44
Q

What is the difference between a coelomate and an acoelomate organism?

A

Coelomate- fluid filled body cavities (AKA coelom)
Acoelomate- solid tissue

45
Q

What is the purpose of an earthworm’s clitellum?

A

Line up the reproductive organs, and forms cocoon that collects eggs

46
Q

Are earthworms and clams coelomate or acoelomate?

A

coelomate, with a digestive tract

47
Q

What are the basic characteristics of fungi?

A

Eukaryotic, heterotrophs, decomposers, cell walls made of chitin, filamentous (hyphae), mycelium

48
Q

What is mycelium?

A

The main body of fungi

49
Q

How do fungus and algae benefit from each other in the relationship present in lichen?

A

Fungus keeps the algae from drying out, Algae gives the fungus sugar from photosynthesis or is eaten by the fungus

50
Q

What kind of fungi is Basidiomycota and what is its reproductive structure?

A

Standard mushroom
diploid cap

51
Q

What type of fungus is ascomycota and what are its reproductive structures?

A

cup mushroom
+ mating spore, - mating spore

52
Q

What type of fungus is Zygomycota and what are its reproductive structures?

A

Black bread mold
asexual- sporangia
sexual- haploid hyphae and diploid zygosporangium

53
Q

What is this and what structures does it have?

A

Hydra
Gastrovascular cavity, tentacles

54
Q

What is this and what structures does it have?

A

Rotifer
Cilia, mouth

55
Q

What is this and what structures does it have?

A

Planaria
Gastrovascular cavity, pharynx, eyespots

56
Q

What is this and what structures does it have?

A

Anabaena
Heterocyst

57
Q

What is this and what structures does it have?

A

Spirogyra
Spiral chloroplast, cell wall

58
Q

What is this and how does it move?

A

Euglena
Flagellum

59
Q

What is this and how does it move?

A

Paramecium
cilia

60
Q

What is this and how does it move?

A

Stentor
cilia

61
Q

Identify the external anatomy of a clam.

A
62
Q

Identify the external anatomy of an earthworm.

A
63
Q

What is this a cross section of and what are the important structures?

A

Earthworm
dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, coelom, ventral nerve cord, intestine

64
Q

What is this a cross section of and what are the important structures?

A

Planaria
pharynx, gastrovascular cavity