Lab Test 1 Flashcards
What is a dominant allele?
gene that is expressed when only one copy of the allele is present (Aa, AA)
What is a recessive allele?
gene that is expressed only when two copies are present (aa)
What is a phenotype?
observable characteristic or traits/ expression of genotype
What is a genotype?
genetic code, pair of alleles an individual has for each gene
What does homozygous mean?
two of the same allele (AA, aa)
What does heterozygous mean?
alleles are different (Aa)
What does haploid mean?
there is only one copy of chromosomes (n=23)
What does diploid mean?
there are two copies of chromosomes (2n=46, 23 pairs of chromosomes)
What is the Hardy-Weinburg equation?
p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1
What does it mean when a population is in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium?
there is no significant change in allele frequencies (<.1) from one generation to the next
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
What is the difference between the domains bacteria and eukarya?
bacteria have no nucleus, Eukarya do have a nucleus
What are the different shapes of bacteria?
Coccus- spherical
Bacillus- rod
Spirillum- spiral
What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?
Autotrophs- make their own food (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs- must eat or absorb their food
What is an example of autotrophic bacteria?
Anabaena
What is the domain and kingdom of protists?
Eukarya, Protista
What is an example of an autotrophic protist?
Red and Brown Algae (seaweed)
Green Algae (spirogyra)
What are some examples of heterotrophic protists?
Euglena, Paramecium, Stentor
What is the kingdom and phylum of Hydra?
Animalia, Cnidaria
What is the kingdom and phylum of Rotifer?
Animalia, Rotifera
What is the kingdom and phylum of Planaria?
Animalia, Platyhelminthes
What is the kingdom and phylum of Sponge?
Animalia, Porifera
What is the kingdom and phylum of Crayfish?
Animalia, Arthropoda (Crustacean)
What is the kingdom and phylum of Grasshopper?
Animalia, Arthropoda (Hexapoda)
What is the difference between spongin and spicule?
Spongin is soft and squishy
Spicule is hard and spikey