lab quiz 3

Question 1

auscultation

Answer 1

the method of listening to and studying these heart sounds during activity (blood flow to the heart, pumping)

Question 2

stethoscope

Answer 2

medical instrument with ear pieces connected to tubes attached to a small, disc shaped resonator that is placed against the chest

Question 3

heart murmurs

Answer 3

very commonly diagnosed by auscultation, where one of the heart valves does not function correctly

Question 4

1st heart sound, S1

Answer 4

the lub of the heart, sound heard during systole, caused by closing of atrioventricular or AV valves, (mitral and tricuspid)

Question 5

2nd heart sound, s2

Answer 5

the dub of the heart, heard during systole, caused by closure of semilunar (SL) valves (aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar valve). higher pitched sound than S1 due to resulting vibrations in the arteries and ventricles

Question 6

3rd heart sound, s3

Answer 6

sound occurs during diastole, lower pitched sound that is produced by vibrations of ventricle walls as the ventricles rapidly fill w blood

Question 7

4th heart sound, s4

Answer 7

sound occurs during diastole, low intensity sound heard as atria contracts to push blood down into ventricles

Question 8

ausculatory areas

Answer 8

areas that represent where sounds from each valve can be heard most clearly

Question 9

the 4 auscultatory areas of the chest

Answer 9

aortic, tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral

Question 10

blood pressure

Answer 10

pressure created by the force of blood pushing against the wall of the arteries as your heart pumps blood into the blood vessels `

Question 11

systolic pressure

Answer 11

pressure in arteries as ventricles are contracting, important indicator off the force of contraction of the heart

Question 12

diastolic pressure

Answer 12

pressure in arteries when ventricles are relaxed, important indicator of condition of systemic blood vessels

Question 13

pulse pressure

Answer 13

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures indicating forces blood pushing through ventricles

Question 14

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 14

average blood pressure during a cardiac cycle, MAP = Cardiac output (CO) X Heart rate (BPM)

Question 15

cardiac output, CO

Answer 15

stroke volume, (mL blood/beat) X HR (BPM)

Question 16

tissue perfusion

Answer 16

the flow of blood through the tissues and organs of the body.

Question 17

as vessel diameter decreases,

Answer 17

peripheral resistance increases,

Question 18

as blood viscosity increases,

Answer 18

resistance increases

Question 19

an increase in blank will increase BP

Answer 19

CO or resistance

Question 20

sphygmomanometer

Answer 20

a pressure cuff

Question 21

palpatory method of BP

Answer 21

method that palpates the pulse as pressure is applied to an artery with a sphygmomanometer

Question 22

which artery is most typically used for application o f pressure

Answer 22

brachial artery

Question 23

which artery is used for palpatory method

Answer 23

radial artery

Question 24

palpatory method- which is measured systolic pr diastolic?

Answer 24

systolic only

Question 25

never leave cuff on more than

Answer 25

one minute

Question 26

what is the stethoscope used for in the ausculatory method

Answer 26

to hear changes in sounds in the brachial artery

Question 27

what happens as pressure is released during auscultation

Answer 27

artery collapses and reopens with each heartbeat and blood flow through the artery returns. this pattern results in turbulence through the vessel

Question 28

korotkoff sounds

Answer 28

result of turbulence in artery

Question 29

phase 1 korotkoff sounds

Answer 29

sharp tap or thud sound which may increase in intensity over next 10 MMHG drop in pressure, it is the systolic

Question 30

phase 4 korotkoff sounds

Answer 30

distinct abrupt muffling of sounds, become soft reduced in intensity- sometimes called first diastolic reading

Question 31

phase 5 korotkoff

Answer 31

all sounds disappear, second diastolic reading, this is usually what is recorded as diastolic

Question 32

if blood pressure is being taken on one arm, where should pulse rate be taken

Answer 32

opposite arm

Question 33

total peripheral resistance, TPR

Answer 33

amount of force affecting resistance pf blood flow thru circulatory system

Question 34

the vasoconstriction of blood vessels cause an

Answer 34

increase in the total peripheral resistance.

Question 35

vasodilation of blood vessels causes an

Answer 35

decrease in total peripheral resistance

Question 36

TPR =

Answer 36

= mean arterial pressure/ CO

Question 37

TPR est =

Answer 37

(systolic pressure + (2 x diastolic pressure)) /3 then over (pulse pressure x HR)

Question 38

normal reflex response to a decrease in temperature

Answer 38

increase in systolic and diastolic BP

Question 39

who should be used for the cold pressor test?

Answer 39

someone who has not gotten their BP taken yet

Question 40

venous insufficiency

Answer 40

blood is not effectively returned to heart at desirable rate

Question 41

most marine animals experience a

Answer 41

decrease in metabolic rate while under water such that cells require less oxygen over time

Question 42

diving bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction

Answer 42

slowing of HR whole submerged underwater and decrease in blood vessel diameter to non vital body parts results in overall reduction of circulation to all body parts except vital organs and tissues, like heart/brain

Question 43

where is the receptor found responsible for diving reflex/ what nerve will be triggered

Answer 43

the nose/trigeminal nerve

Question 44

Harvard step test

Answer 44

measure of cardiovascular health and endurance. tests general capacity of body ro cope with physical work, and ability to recover from it

Question 45

index of physical fitness=

Answer 45

duration of exercise (seconds) x 100 over 2 x sum of 3 pulse counts in recovery

Question 46

tuttle pulse ratio test

Answer 46

used to measure ratio of persons resting pulse rate to pulse rate after exercise

Question 47

S0 =

Answer 47

S1 + (S2-S1)(2.5 - r1) over r2-r1