ch 20 lymphatic system/lymphoid tissues p2

Question 1

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 1

red bone marrow/thymus
where B and T cells mature (correspond to name)

Question 2

secondarylymhpoid organs

Answer 2

lymph nodes, spleen, mucos associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

where mature lymphocytes first encounter antigens and get active

Question 3

most important secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 3

lymph nodes

Question 4

where do lymph nodes form clusters

Answer 4

axillary, cervical, inguinal regions. this is where large number of collecting lymph vessels converge to form lymphatic trunks.

Question 5

why are lymph nodes important

Answer 5

activate immune system and cleanse lymph via filtration

Question 6

HOW DO lymph nodes activate immune system

Answer 6

dedritic cells bring antigens to lymph nodes to put shit on display and active T cells in lymphocytes

Question 7

how to lymph nodes cleanser lymph with filtration

Answer 7

lymph passes through nodes before it enters back to circulation and macrophages clean lymph

Question 8

why are lymph clusters extremely important

Answer 8

allow lymph to travel through multiple lymph nodes, so likelihood of pathogen being recognized is high and before getting to heart

Question 9

lymph node compartments

Answer 9

corte, medulla in dense fibrous bean capsule

Question 10

cortex of lymph node

Answer 10

outer node portion, outer contains dense follicles wit dividing B cells and inner iw mostly T cells

Question 11

medulla of lymph node

Answer 11

inner node portion, B and T here

Question 12

lymph sinus

Answer 12

sites where macrophages reside

Question 13

afferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 13

there are several, bring the lymph into the node (arrives). lymph circulates through sinuses.

Question 14

efferent lymphatic vessels

Answer 14

allows lymph to leave node, lymph enters a node faster than it can leave, so lymph remains in node. little longer. efferent exits

Question 15

why is it good to leave lymph in node slightly longer

Answer 15

ensures lymph is cleaned out before it exits fully, and increases cleansing function so more likely to see a pathogen if it is there

Question 16

lymphadenopathy

Answer 16

NOT swollen glands, nodes are overhwlemd and blocked due to much infection, they are swollen, tender, pus filled. usually necessitates antibiotics to assist in treatment. pus will wall off infection site so it wont travel

Question 17

secondary cancer sites

Answer 17

metastasizing cancer cells break free from original tumor, and get stuck in lymph nodes in other body parts. they get swollen and enlarged but no pain. example is axillary nodes swell indicating breast cancer.

Question 18

spleen

Answer 18

RBC recycling plant, largest lymphoid organ, very well vascularized. cleanses the blood! may also store iron for later, or platelets and monocytes.

Question 19

how does spleen cleanse blood

Answer 19

pulls old damaged blood cells from blood supply and macrophages will pull microorganisms from blood.

Question 20

red pulp of spleen

Answer 20

recycling center, erythrocyte and pathogen destruction. packed with rbc and macrophages

Question 21

white pulp of spleen

Answer 21

serves immune function, mostly lymphocytes on reticular fiber

Question 22

can u bleed to death of spleen ruptures

Answer 22

yes if it is severe, if spleen lost bone marrow and liver take over functions, 20% have a secondary spleen.

Question 23

mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)

Answer 23

found in mucous membranes, make it easy for pathogens to come in- but MALT prevents entrance to the areas

Question 24

3 main MALT areas

Answer 24

tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix

Question 25

tonsils

Answer 25

at entrance to pharynx in throat, fights infections and bacteria coming in from mouth

Question 26

types of tonsils

Answer 26

palatine- largest, most likely to become infected. strep lingual- lymphoid follicles at base of tongue adenoids- in posterior wall of nasopharynx (nose meets pharynx) tubal- surround openings of auditory tubes into pharynx. ear infection

Question 27

Peyers patches and appendix

Answer 27

aggregated lymphoid nodules, similar to tonsils but found in ileum wall (where small intestine joins large) protects small appendix has a large concentration of lymphoid follicles both of these above organs are good for preventing bacteria at small intestine e and generates memory lymphocytes

Question 28

general lymphocytes

Answer 28

a lymphocyte that remembers a pathogen

Question 29

thymus

Answer 29

primary lymphoidnorgan for T cell maturation. needed for maturity of them otherwise body defense wouldn't exist

Question 30

where is the thymus most active

Answer 30

infants or toddlers, it atrophies into early adolescence. immune cells are then put out reduced rate. replaced with fatty tissues and does nothing. this sets up immune system to be strong for life

Question 31

cortex

Answer 31

packed tightly with lymphocytes, maturing T lymphocytes

Question 32

medulla

Answer 32

has fewer lymphocytes and has hassells corpuscles, regulate T cell productions. helps it not attack what it should not

Question 33

thymosin

Answer 33

thymus hormone that stimulates development of mature T cells, and stimulates immunocompetencey. this is when T cells can distinguish fro, our cells and not good ones.

Question 34

why is the thymus different from other lymphoid organs

Answer 34

no B cells in thymus, no direct immune response (only T cell maturation site not immune response) (, no reticular fibers (instead has epithelial cells that are ideal for T cell maturation).

Question 35

thymus is basically

Answer 35

School for T cells!