lab quiz 3 Flashcards
- olfactory
- function: controls smell
- foramen: olfactory foramina
- clinical correlation: chronic runny nose that is actually spinal fluid
- optic
- function: controls vision
- foramen: optic canal
- clinical correlation
- nerve: vision loss in same eye
- chiasm: tunnel vision
- tract: vision loss in opposite eye
- oculomotor
- function: control pupil, eyelids, and eye muscles
- foramen: superior orbital fissure
- clinical correlation: damage can cause pupil contraction and ptosis (droopy eyelid)
- trochlear
- function: control superior oblique muscle
- foramen: superior orbital fissure
- clinical correlation: damage has clumsiness (fall down stairs) and stiff neck
- trigeminal
- function:
- V1: forehead
- V2: between nose and lips
- V3: chin
- foramen:
- V1: in supra orbital fissure, superior orbital foramen
- V2: in superior orbital fissure, out infra orbital foramen
- V3: in superior orbital fissure, out mandibular foramen
- clinical correlation: death
- adbuscens
- function: control lateral rectus
- foramen: superior orbital fissure
- clinical correlation: double vision
- facial
- function: sense of taste for most of tongue & controls facial expression muscles
- foramen: enter internal acoustic viatis and exit through stymlomastoid foramen
- clinical correlation: idamage causes paralysis (upper motor neurons: forehead still works; controls opposite lower face) (lower motor neurons: entire face is paralyzed; ipsilateral - same side)
- vestibulocochlear
- function: hearing and balance
- foramen: internal acoustic viatis
- clinical correlation: inner ear infection
- glossopharyngeal
- function: taste for back of tongue
- foramen: jugular foramen
- clinical correlation: n/a
- vagus
- function: all organs below head - parasympathetic
- foramen: jugular foramen
- clinical correlation: n/a
- accessory
- function: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius msucles
- foramen: enters in foreman magnum and exits jugular foramen
- clinical correlation: n/a
- hypoglossal
- function: controls tongue muscles
- foramen: hypoglossal canal
- clinical correlation: damage causes tongue to tilt to damaged side when stuck out
flexion
the action of bending or the condition of being bent
extension
the action of being extended
agonist
a muscle whose contraction moves a part of the body directly; inactive
antagonist
a muscle whose action counteracts that of another specified muscle; active
what were the results from the muscle physiology experiment
big motor units increase heart rate and small motor units have little effect
angular movements
- flexion/extension
- abduction/adduction
- circumduction
abduction
the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or away from another part
adduction
the movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part
circumduction
the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone
rational movements
- medial = internal rotation
- lateral = external rotation
supination/pronation
- supination: the outward roll of the foot during normal motion
- pronation: the inward roll of the foot for impact distribution upon landing
opposition/reposition
- opposition: the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of each finger
- reposition: to return to or place in normal or proper position
eversion/inversion
- eversion: a type of movement at the ankle joint that involves turning outward the sole of the foot away from the body midline
- inversion: the movement of sole towards the median plane
protraction/retraction
- protraction: to protrude or stick out a part of the body
- retraction: to bring something back towards the body
elevation/depression
- elevation: movement in a superior direction
- depression: movement in an inferior direction
dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
- dorsiflexion: flexion at the ankle so that the foot points more superiorly towards the leg
- plantar flexion: the extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away from the leg
plane (gliding)
- acromioclavicular (AC) & spine
- shoulder blade/collarbone
hinge
- elbow
- where jaw meets skull (moveable in 1 plane)
pivot
- atlantoaxial (skull)
- causes rotation (move head side to side)
ellipsoid (condylar)
- atlantooccipital (in skull)
- extension and flexion (move head up and down)
saddle
- carpometacarpal (pollex)
- opposition
ball-and-socket
- shoulder (greater depth, less motion)
- hip (no depth, more motion)
gomphoses
- teeth where they meet jaw bone; immoveable
- peg and socket joints between tooth and its socket
syndesmoses
- interosseum membranes
- no movement in these joints
- these joints do no ossify
sutures
skull bone
cartilaginous
- synchrondroses = epiphyseal plates; hyaline cartilage
- symphyses = intervertebral discs; fibrocartilage (pubic and spine)
