lab quiz 3

Question 1

1. olfactory

Answer 1

• function: controls smell
• foramen: olfactory foramina
• clinical correlation: chronic runny nose that is actually spinal fluid

Question 2

2. optic

Answer 2

• function: controls vision
• foramen: optic canal
• clinical correlation
  
  • nerve: vision loss in same eye
  • chiasm: tunnel vision
  • tract: vision loss in opposite eye

Question 3

3. oculomotor

Answer 3

• function: control pupil, eyelids, and eye muscles
• foramen: superior orbital fissure
• clinical correlation: damage can cause pupil contraction and ptosis (droopy eyelid)

Question 4

4. trochlear

Answer 4

• function: control superior oblique muscle
• foramen: superior orbital fissure
• clinical correlation: damage has clumsiness (fall down stairs) and stiff neck

Question 5

5. trigeminal

Answer 5

• function:
  
  • V1: forehead
  • V2: between nose and lips
  • V3: chin
• foramen:
  
  • V1: in supra orbital fissure, superior orbital foramen
  • V2: in superior orbital fissure, out infra orbital foramen
  • V3: in superior orbital fissure, out mandibular foramen
• clinical correlation: death

Question 6

6. adbuscens

Answer 6

• function: control lateral rectus
• foramen: superior orbital fissure
• clinical correlation: double vision

Question 7

7. facial

Answer 7

• function: sense of taste for most of tongue & controls facial expression muscles
• foramen: enter internal acoustic viatis and exit through stymlomastoid foramen
• clinical correlation: idamage causes paralysis (upper motor neurons: forehead still works; controls opposite lower face) (lower motor neurons: entire face is paralyzed; ipsilateral - same side)

Question 8

8. vestibulocochlear

Answer 8

• function: hearing and balance
• foramen: internal acoustic viatis
• clinical correlation: inner ear infection

Question 9

9. glossopharyngeal

Answer 9

• function: taste for back of tongue
• foramen: jugular foramen
• clinical correlation: n/a

Question 10

10. vagus

Answer 10

• function: all organs below head - parasympathetic
• foramen: jugular foramen
• clinical correlation: n/a

Question 11

11. accessory

Answer 11

• function: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius msucles
• foramen: enters in foreman magnum and exits jugular foramen
• clinical correlation: n/a

Question 12

12. hypoglossal

Answer 12

• function: controls tongue muscles
• foramen: hypoglossal canal
• clinical correlation: damage causes tongue to tilt to damaged side when stuck out

Question 13

flexion

Answer 13

the action of bending or the condition of being bent

Question 14

extension

Answer 14

the action of being extended

Question 15

agonist

Answer 15

a muscle whose contraction moves a part of the body directly; inactive

Question 16

antagonist

Answer 16

a muscle whose action counteracts that of another specified muscle; active

Question 17

what were the results from the muscle physiology experiment

Answer 17

big motor units increase heart rate and small motor units have little effect

Question 18

angular movements

Answer 18

• flexion/extension
• abduction/adduction
• circumduction

Question 19

abduction

Answer 19

the movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or away from another part

Question 20

adduction

Answer 20

the movement of a limb or other part toward the midline of the body or toward another part

Question 21

circumduction

Answer 21

the orderly combination of shoulder movements so that the hand traces a circle and the arm traces a cone

Question 22

rational movements

Answer 22

• medial = internal rotation
• lateral = external rotation

Question 23

supination/pronation

Answer 23

• supination: the outward roll of the foot during normal motion
• pronation: the inward roll of the foot for impact distribution upon landing

Question 24

opposition/reposition

Answer 24

• opposition: the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of each finger
• reposition: to return to or place in normal or proper position

Question 25

eversion/inversion

Answer 25

- eversion: a type of movement at the ankle joint that involves turning outward the sole of the foot away from the body midline - inversion: the movement of sole towards the median plane

Question 26

protraction/retraction

Answer 26

- protraction: to protrude or stick out a part of the body - retraction: to bring something back towards the body

Question 27

elevation/depression

Answer 27

- elevation: movement in a superior direction - depression: movement in an inferior direction

Question 28

dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

Answer 28

- dorsiflexion: flexion at the ankle so that the foot points more superiorly towards the leg - plantar flexion: the extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away from the leg

Question 29

plane (gliding)

Answer 29

- acromioclavicular (AC) & spine - shoulder blade/collarbone

Question 30

hinge

Answer 30

- elbow - where jaw meets skull (moveable in 1 plane)

Question 31

pivot

Answer 31

- atlantoaxial (skull) - causes rotation (move head side to side)

Question 32

ellipsoid (condylar)

Answer 32

- atlantooccipital (in skull) - extension and flexion (move head up and down)

Question 33

saddle

Answer 33

- carpometacarpal (pollex) - opposition

Question 34

ball-and-socket

Answer 34

- shoulder (greater depth, less motion) - hip (no depth, more motion)

Question 35

gomphoses

Answer 35

- teeth where they meet jaw bone; immoveable - peg and socket joints between tooth and its socket

Question 36

syndesmoses

Answer 36

- interosseum membranes - no movement in these joints - these joints do no ossify

Question 37

sutures

Answer 37

skull bone

Question 38

cartilaginous

Answer 38

- synchrondroses = epiphyseal plates; hyaline cartilage - symphyses = intervertebral discs; fibrocartilage (pubic and spine)