Lab Quiz 2 Material (02/13/2025) Flashcards
In general, what 2 components make up connective tissue?
1) Cells
2) Tissue-specific extracellular matrix
What 2 components comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
1) Protein fibers
2) Ground substance (specialized molecules)
The middle embryonic germ layer that gives rise to almost all of the connective tissues of the body.
What is the mesoderm?
This “primitive connective tissue” is established in the early embryo through the proliferation and migration of the mesodermal and specific neural crest cells.
What is mesenchyme?
Mesenchyme in the head region is sometimes referred to as…
Ectomesenchyme
What are the 3 classifications of connective tissue?
1) Embryonic
2) Connective tissue proper
3) Specialized connective tissue
List the 2 types of embryonic connective tissue.
1) Mesenchyme
2) Mucous connective tissue
List the 2 types of connective tissue proper.
1) Loose connective
2) Dense connective
List the 6 types of specialized connective tissue.
1) Cartilage
2) Bone
3) Blood
4) Adipose
5) Lymphatic
6) Hemopoietic
This type of embryonic connective tissue is primarily found in the embryo and contains relatively uniform, small, spindle-shaped cells.
What is mesenchyme?
This type of embryonic connective tissue is present in the umbilical cord and consists of a specialized, almost gelatin-like ECM composed mainly of hyaluronan.
What is mucous connective tissue?
What is the ground substance of mucous connective tissue’s ECM frequently referred to as?
Wharton jelly
Loose connective tissue is sometimes called {…} tissue.
Areolar
What are the 2 subtypes of dense connective tissue?
1) Dense regular
2) Dense irregular
What 2 things characterize loose connective tissue?
1) Loosely arranged fibers
2) Various abundant cell types
Where is loose connective tissue primarily located?
Beneath the epithelia that cover the body surfaces and line the internal surfaces of the body
Most cell types in loose connective tissue are transient wandering cells that migrate from local blood vessels in response to specific stimuli. As such, loose connective tissue is the site of these two bodily reactions.
What are inflammatory and immune reactions?
The term for the loose connective tissue of the mucous membranes, such as those of the respiratory and alimentary systems, which contain large numbers of immune cells.
What is the lamina propria?
How is dense irregular connective tissue characterized? List 2 specific details.
1) Abundant fibers
2) Few cells
The relatively thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue found within the dermis is referred to as this.
What is the reticular (deep) layer?
Hollow organs (e.g., the intestinal tract) possess a distinct layer of dense irregular connective tissue called the {…} in which the fiber bundles course in varying planes.
Submucosa
Why is it important for the fiber bundles of the submucosa to run along various planes?
To allow organs to resist extensive stretching and distention
How is dense regular connective tissue characterized?
Orderly and densely packed arrays of fibers and cells
In what way is dense regular and irregular connective tissue similar?
They both contain little ground substance
How are the fibers in dense regular connective tissue arranged? Why are they arranged this way?
The fibers are arranged in a parallel array and are densely packed to provide maximum strength
Dense regular connective tissue is the main functional component of these 3 connective structures.
What are tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses?
Cord-like structures that attach muscle to bone.
What are tendons?
What is the name of the fibroblasts that are situated between the parallel bundles of collagen fibers within tendons?
Tendinocytes
The substance of the tendon surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule is called this.
What is epitendineum?
The connective tissue extension of the epitendineum subdivides the tendon into fascicles.
What is endotendineum?
Where will you find small blood vessels and nerves of the tendon? In the epitendineum or the endotendineum?
Endotendineum
The dense, regular connective tissue structures that connect bone to bone and whose fibers are less regularly arranged than tendons.
What are ligaments?
This type of ligament contains more elastic fibers than collagen fibers.
What is an elastic ligament?
This sheet of dense regular connective tissue resembles a broad, flattened tendon.
What is an aponeurosis?
In an aponeurosis, the collagen fibers in one layer tend to be arranged at a 90-degree angle to those of neighboring layers. What is this type of organization called?
An orthogonal array
In what other structure will you find an orthogonal array?
Cornea
What does the orthogonal array do for the cornea?
It’s responsible for the cornea’s transparency
What are the 3 types of connective tissue fibers?
1) Collagen
2) Elastic
3) Reticular
