Lab Quiz 1 Material (02/06/2025) + Ch. 4 & 5 (E2) Flashcards
At the light microscope level, the {…} and {…} components of the various organs of the body exhibit a recognizable and often distinctive pattern of organization.
1) Cells
2) Extracellular
An organized aggregation of cells that functions in a collective manner.
What is a tissue?
List the 4 basic types of tissues that make up all organs.
1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscle
4) Nerve
This tissue type covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands.
What is epithelium?
This tissue type underlies or supports the other 3 basic tissues, both structurally and functionally.
What is connective?
This tissue type is made up of contractile cells and is responsible for movement?
What is muscle?
This tissue type receives, transmits, and integrates information from outside and inside the body to control the activities of the body.
What is nerve?
In classifiying the basic tissues, two different definitional parameters are used. The basis for the definition of epithelial and connective tissue is primarily {…} (morphological OR functional?), while for muscle and nerve tissue, it is primarily {…} (morphological OR functional?).
1) Morphological
2) Functional
In what two manners is epithelium characterized?
1) Close cell apposition
2) Presence of a free surface
Epithelial cells are usually joined by specialized cell-to-cell junctions, which create a selective barrier between these two environments (i.e., epithelium separates these spaces).
What are the external environment & underlying connective tissue?
Describe the intercellular space between epithelial cells in 2 key points.
1) Minimal
2) Devoid of any structure, except where junctional attachments are present
Free surfaces of epithelium are characteristic of 3 main anatomical surfaces. Please list these surfaces.
1) Exterior of the body
2) Outer surface of many internal organs
3) Lining of body cavities and tubes that ultimately communicate with the exterior of the body
The epithelium also forms {…} and their ducts that help secrete their products onto a free surface or into the lumen of a tube.
Glands
Classifications of epithelium are usually based on 2 parameters. What are these parameters?
1) Shape of cells
2) Number of cell layers
List the 3 epithelial cell shapes.
1) Squamous (flat)
2) Cuboidal
3) Columnar
List the 2 epithelial layer types.
1) Simple (single layer)
2) Stratified (multiple layers)
What is the purpose of special structural surface modifications on epithelium?
To perform special functions
What are the 3 special structural surface modifications that simple epithelia may possess?
1) Microvilli
2) Stereocilia
3) Cilia
What are the 2 special structural surface modifications that stratified epithelia may possess?
1) Keratinized exterior of body
2) Non-keratinized lumen of internal organs
All epithelia rest on this structural attachment site for overlying epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue.
What is the basal lamina?
Why is epithelium an avascular tissue?
The blood vessels from connective tissue are restricted from passing through the basal lamina
What are the 2 methods in which epithelial cells receive nutrients?
1) Absorption from the free surface
2) Diffusion from underlying tissues
The intervening spaces occupied by material produced by connective tissue cells make up this cellular network.
What is the extracellular matrix?
What 2 factors does the classification of connective tissue take into account?
1) Nature of the connective tissue cells
2) Composition/organization of extracellular matrix