lab quiz 1 - anatomical organization Flashcards
define anatomical position
- body is still & erect/upright
- head is facing directly forward with no tilt
- arms are straight and to the sides
- palms face upwards
- feet are parallel
superior (cranial)
above (towards the head)
inferior (caudal)
below (towards the feet)
anterior (ventral)
in front (towards stomach)
posterior (dorsal)
behind (towards the back)
medial
closer to the middle
lateral
closer to the extremeties
proximal
(for limbs only) closer to where the limb starts
distal
(for limbs only) closer to the end of the limb
external
outside
internal
inside
superficial
shallow (relatively close to the body’s surface)
deep
deep, usually internal structures, relatively distant from the body surface
parietal
(for membranes) outer layer
visceral
(for membranes) inner layer
cephalic region
face & cranium
cervical region
neck & clavicle (up until where the bump is at the base of the neck)
thoracic region
clavicle until the bottom rib (position of the diaphragm)
abdominal region
overlies the abdominopelvic cavity, upper limit is the diaphragm, lower limit is the pubis
lumbar/sacral regions
posterior side of the body, inferior to thoracic region. (1) lumbar: inferior to thoracic region and consists of 5 vertebrae; (2) sacral: the remainder of the inferior region of the back
what are the two longitudinal planes?
sagittal & front/coronal
longitudinal planes
any planes which are parallel to the long axis of the body
sagittal plane
body divided into right & left parts
mid-sagittal plane (median)
divides body into equal right and left halves
frontal/coronal plane
body is divided into anterior and posterior parts
transverse (horizontal) planes
cross-sections; any planes at right angles to long axis of the body; divides the body into superior and inferior parts
what are the dorsal cavities?
cranial cavity & spinal/vertebral cavity
cranial cavity
cavity within the skull that contains the brain
spinal/vertebral cavity
tubular cavity within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord
ventral cavities & membranes
located in the trunk region, separated into thoracic & abdominal cavities by the diaphragm
what does the ventral cavity contain?
thoracic cavity, peritoneal cavity, pelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm and bounded by the ribs
what are the 3 regions of the thoracic cavity?
pleural, mediastinum & pericardial
pleural cavity
right and left; each surround a lung and are lined by the pleural membranes (pleura)
mediastinum
central space between the two pleural cavities, contains all other thoracic organs (heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, nerves) - contains the pericardium
pericardial
surrounds the heart & lined by the pericardial membranes (pericardium). lies in the ventral side of the mediastinal cavity
peritoneal cavity
lined by peritoneal membrane (peritoneum). contains most abdominal organs, though some lay within the abdominal wall but are said to be in retroperitoneal location (ex: kidneys, adrenals, ureters and part of the small intestine)
pelvic cavity
formed by the bones of the pelvic cavity, not lined by membranes. organs here are said to be intraperitoneal (beneath the peritoneal membrane)
