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anatomy & physiology > lab quiz 1 - anatomical organization > Flashcards

lab quiz 1 - anatomical organization Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomical position

A
  1. body is still & erect/upright
  2. head is facing directly forward with no tilt
  3. arms are straight and to the sides
  4. palms face upwards
  5. feet are parallel
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2
Q

superior (cranial)

A

above (towards the head)

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3
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

below (towards the feet)

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4
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

in front (towards stomach)

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5
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

behind (towards the back)

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6
Q

medial

A

closer to the middle

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7
Q

lateral

A

closer to the extremeties

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8
Q

proximal

A

(for limbs only) closer to where the limb starts

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9
Q

distal

A

(for limbs only) closer to the end of the limb

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10
Q

external

A

outside

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11
Q

internal

A

inside

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12
Q

superficial

A

shallow (relatively close to the body’s surface)

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13
Q

deep

A

deep, usually internal structures, relatively distant from the body surface

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14
Q

parietal

A

(for membranes) outer layer

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15
Q

visceral

A

(for membranes) inner layer

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16
Q

cephalic region

A

face & cranium

17
Q

cervical region

A

neck & clavicle (up until where the bump is at the base of the neck)

18
Q

thoracic region

A

clavicle until the bottom rib (position of the diaphragm)

19
Q

abdominal region

A

overlies the abdominopelvic cavity, upper limit is the diaphragm, lower limit is the pubis

20
Q

lumbar/sacral regions

A

posterior side of the body, inferior to thoracic region. (1) lumbar: inferior to thoracic region and consists of 5 vertebrae; (2) sacral: the remainder of the inferior region of the back

21
Q

what are the two longitudinal planes?

A

sagittal & front/coronal

22
Q

longitudinal planes

A

any planes which are parallel to the long axis of the body

23
Q

sagittal plane

A

body divided into right & left parts

24
Q

mid-sagittal plane (median)

A

divides body into equal right and left halves

25
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

body is divided into anterior and posterior parts

26
Q

transverse (horizontal) planes

A

cross-sections; any planes at right angles to long axis of the body; divides the body into superior and inferior parts

27
Q

what are the dorsal cavities?

A

cranial cavity & spinal/vertebral cavity

28
Q

cranial cavity

A

cavity within the skull that contains the brain

29
Q

spinal/vertebral cavity

A

tubular cavity within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord

30
Q

ventral cavities & membranes

A

located in the trunk region, separated into thoracic & abdominal cavities by the diaphragm

31
Q

what does the ventral cavity contain?

A

thoracic cavity, peritoneal cavity, pelvic cavity

32
Q

thoracic cavity

A

ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm and bounded by the ribs

33
Q

what are the 3 regions of the thoracic cavity?

A

pleural, mediastinum & pericardial

34
Q

pleural cavity

A

right and left; each surround a lung and are lined by the pleural membranes (pleura)

35
Q

mediastinum

A

central space between the two pleural cavities, contains all other thoracic organs (heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, nerves) - contains the pericardium

36
Q

pericardial

A

surrounds the heart & lined by the pericardial membranes (pericardium). lies in the ventral side of the mediastinal cavity

37
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

lined by peritoneal membrane (peritoneum). contains most abdominal organs, though some lay within the abdominal wall but are said to be in retroperitoneal location (ex: kidneys, adrenals, ureters and part of the small intestine)

38
Q

pelvic cavity

A

formed by the bones of the pelvic cavity, not lined by membranes. organs here are said to be intraperitoneal (beneath the peritoneal membrane)

anatomy & physiology (9 decks)

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