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General Biology > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative answer to a key question.

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2
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The effect that changes as a result of varying the independent variable.

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3
Q

Independent Variable

A

What the experimenter changes; the cause.

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4
Q

Controlled Variable

A

Identified and kept constant throughout the experiment.

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5
Q

Meniscus

A

The curved surface of water in a cylinder due to surface tension.

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6
Q

Taring

A

Zeroing an instrument to compensate for the mass of something.

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7
Q

Mean

A

The average.

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8
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and the lowest data points.

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9
Q

Variance

A

Measures how far each number in the set is away from the mean.

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10
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Summarizes the variability in repetitive measurements.

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11
Q

Spectrophotometer

A

An instrument designed to detect the amount of light energy absorbed by molecules in a solution.

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12
Q

Percent Transmittance

A

A scale from 0 to 100.

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13
Q

Absorbance

A

A scale from 0 to 2.

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14
Q

Lambert-Beers Law

A

For a given concentration range absorbency is directly proportional to the concentration of solute molecules.

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15
Q

Standard curve

A

A graph with known properties used to find an unknown.

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16
Q

Significant figures

A

The number of important single digits in a scientific expression.

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17
Q

Line graph

A

A graph of linear values.

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18
Q

Histogram

A

A bar graph of frequency distribution which is on a horizontal axis.

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19
Q

Wavelength

A

Limits the resolving power of the microscope.

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20
Q

Resolution

A

The capacity of an optical instrument to distinguish two points that are close together.

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21
Q

Magnification

A

Makes things appear larger.

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22
Q

Contrast

A

The gradations of dark to light tone when viewing an image.

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23
Q

Working distance

A

The distance between the slide and objective.

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24
Q

Fixing

A

The use of the fixative to preserve the specimen in biology.

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25
Q

Stage

A

Where the specimen is place for viewing

26
Q

Light source (dissecting microscope)

A

One projects light from above and another projects light from below the stage.

27
Q

Body

A

Heavy metal column and parts encasing the lens system of the microscope

28
Q

Ocular lens (dissecting microscope)

A

The lenses you look through our adjustable for individual differences. May have adjustment ring at its base.

29
Q

Inter pupillary Distance

A

The distance between the pupils.

30
Q

Objective lenses

A

Closest the specimen, located in the recesses at the bottom of the body.

31
Q

Magnification control

A

A knob on the body with magnification capabilities between four times and 50 times.

32
Q

Focusing knob

A

Turning the knob raises or lowers the body and lens to focus the specimen.

33
Q

Ocular lenses (compound microscope)

A

Can either be monocular or binocular. Usually a system of several lenses which may have a pointer.

34
Q

Body tube

A

Hollow housing through which light travels to the ocular.

35
Q

Objective lenses (compound microscope)

A

Set of three or four lenses mounted on a turret at the bottom of the body tube.

36
Q

Mechanical stage

A

A gear device for precisely moving the slide.

37
Q

Substage condenser lens

A

Focuses light on the specimen, located immediately under the stage

38
Q

Diaphragm control

A

Either annular or iris, adjustable light barrier built into the condenser.

39
Q

Course focus adjustment

A

Raises or lowers the stage to bring the slide into focus.

40
Q

Find focus adjustment

A

Changes the specimen to objective distance vary slightly.

41
Q

Focal plane

A

The plane in which the images and focus.

42
Q

Depth of field

A

The depth or thickness of an object that is simultaneously and focus.

43
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Lack nuclear envelope, chromosomal proteins and membranous cytoplasmic organelles. Like bacteria and blue-green algae.

44
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Have nucleus containing ribosomes in numerous small structures made of membrane inside cells, include; protists, fungi, plants and animals.

45
Q

Vegetative cells

A

Any cell and a plant or animal that does not participate in reproduction.

46
Q

Akinetes

A

Thick-walled resting cell found in cyanobacteria and green algae.

47
Q

Heterocysts

A

A specialized cell that takes part in nitrogen fixation.

48
Q

Cell wall (Fungal)

A

Made of a polysaccharide polymer called chitin.

49
Q

Cell wall (Plant)

A

Composed of cellulose and materials not found in fungal cell walls, not in animal cells.

50
Q

Protoplasts

A

The living cell within a plant cell wall.

51
Q

Chloroplast

A

Found in the cytoplasm of some protoplasts, carry out the reactions of photosynthesis.

52
Q

Vacuole

A

Large vesicles found in protoplasts containing water and dissolved materials.

53
Q

Tissues

A

In aggregate of cells in an organism with similar structure and function.

54
Q

Tonoplast

A

The cytoplasmic membrane surrounding the vacuole in a cell which separates the vacuum contents from the cytoplasm.

55
Q

Epithelial cells (tissue)

A

Densely packed cells that sit on the basement membrane and form the coverings or linings of body cavities.

56
Q

Neurons

A

Nervous system cells primarily designed for communication.

57
Q

Axon

A

The output end of a neuron.

58
Q

Dendrite

A

The input end of a neuron.

59
Q

Ligand

A

A chemical produced by the body to activate a receptor in the body.

60
Q

Agonist

A

A chemical outside of the body that also activates the receptor.

61
Q

Antagonist

A

Binds to the receptor but doesn’t activate it, but prevents the ligand from activating.

General Biology (4 decks)

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