Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
above
superior
below
inferior
back
dorsal/posterior
front
ventral/anterior
feet
plantar
palms
palmar/volar
middle
medial
side(farthest from middle)
lateral
tail end
caudal
head end
cranial
surface
superficial
closer to attachment
proximal
distant from attachment
distal
sliced in the middle (left/right)
midsagital plane
sliced front/back
frontal / coronal plane
sliced top/bottom
transverse
sliced slightly off middle
parasagittal
brain & spine are in ____ cavity
dorsal cavity
visceral organs are in ____ cavity
ventral cavity
brain & spinal cord are in ____ cavity
cranial cavity
thoracic cavity is in the ____ ventral
superior
abdominopelvic cavity is in the _____ ventral
inferior
right pleural cavity, left pleural cavity, pericardial cavity
thoracic cavity
liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, and most of large intestine
abdominal cavity
abdominal and pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, uterus, ovaries
pelvic cavity
covers and lines the thorax and abdomen
serous membrane
covers the cavity
visceral
lines the cavity
parietal
abdominal cavity
paritoneum
double layered folds
mesenteries
between two layers of the peritoneal membranes is the ________ ________ which is filled with serous fluid
peritoneal cavity
liver, stomach, spleen, most of small intestine, colon
peritoneal cavity
behind parietal peritonem (covers their anterior surface only)
retroperitoneal
pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, sex organs, urinary bladder, duodenum of the small intestine, ascending and descending colon
retroperitoneal
cervical
neck
coxal
hip
tarsal
ankle
brachial
arm
antebrachial
forearm
axillary
armpit
crural
lower leg
patellar
kneecap
cephalic
back of head
popliteral
back of knee
concentrates and directs light through the slide to the objective lens
condenser
a moving part of the microscope
mechanical stage
ability to see fine detail (minimum distance between 2 points, discernable as 2 points rather than 1)
resolution
usually 1mm
working distance
depth thickness of a specimen at any one time
depth of focus
outside parasite
ectoparasite
inside parasite
endoparasite
generally lack carbon and are structurally simple
inorganic compound
always contain the atom carbon, usually hydrogen and are quite large molecules
organic compound
4 major groups of inorganic compounds
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid
e.g. water, salts, acids, bases
inorganic compound
e.g. carbon dioxide- E.g. carbon dioxide (CO2, carbonic acid (H2CO3), and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
organic compound
dissociates into cations other than hydrogen ions (H+) and anions other than hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved in water
salt
NaCl, KCl, CaCO3, and the abundant calcium phosphate ___ found in bones
salts
releases H+ when dissolved in water, aka proton doners (donate H+)
Acid
proton acceptors, can dissociate when disolved in water, release OH- when disolved in water
base
Proton doners
Acid
pH<7
acidic
pH>7
basic
pH=7
neutral
acts to resist large changes in pH by releasing hydrogen ions when the pH begins to rise and by binding to hydrogen ions when the pH drops
buffer
natural red turns magenta when ____
acidic
natural red turns yellow-orange when ___
basic
contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and usually the hydrogen and oxygen occur in a 2:1 ratio
carbohydrates
e.g. monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
carbohydrates
function as a chemical for creating ATP
carbohydrates
Iodine reacts with ____ and produce a blue/black colour
starch
Benedict’s reagent change from blue to green, orange to red to indicate the presence of ____
sugar
contain carbon, hydrogen and a lesser portion of oxygen
lipids
isoluble in polar solvents but disolve in alcohol or ether
lipids
____ act as energy stores, cushion organs and insulate the body
triglycerides
_____ are a major structural component of cell membranes
phospholipids
contain nitrogen atoms, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (some may contain sulfur)
proteins
form structural framework of tissues, act as hormones, joined by peptide bonds
proteins
Biurent reagent can be used to test for the presence of ____ and will turn purple when positive
proteins
Very large organic molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous
nucleic acid
a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose, or ribose), and a phosphate group
components of nucleic acid
composed of deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and some ribonucleic acid
chromatin
control centre
nucleus
enclose the nucleus
nuclear membrane
fluid that surrounds the nucleus
cytoplasm
limiting boundary of the cell, seperating cells internal and external enviroment
plasma (cell membrane)
capable of resolving objects about 10,000 times better than compound microscope
electon microscope
Location of ribosomal RNA synthesis, production of ribosome
Nucleolus
Opening that allows substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
Nuclear pore
controls metabolism of cell
Nucleus
involved in protein synthesis in particular proteins produced for secretion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids, detox drugs/alcohol
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
packaging and processing centre. Modify proteins (add carbs maybe) exit out of the ______
Golgi apparatus
membrane bound, synthesis for ATP for cellular respiration
Mitochondrion
free or attached. Produces proteins. Free = for use in the cell, attached = for export.
Ribosome
digestive enzymes, low pH (acidic), digest cellular debride, and degrade
Lysosome
controls what comes/goes, separates cell from external environment
Plasma membrane
controls what comes in/out of membrane
Nuclear membrane
the region where centrioles are located, centrioles organize microtubules
Centrosome
make highways for transport
Microtubules
Non-membrane bound organelles
nucleolus, microtubules, centrioles, ribosomes
Cells in the testes and ovary that make steroid hormones (lipids)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle: High rate of metabolic activity
mitochondrion
Detoxifies alcohol
smooth endoplasmic reticulum OR lysosome
Synthesizes and secretes protein-based hormone
Golgi apparatus
standing erect, facing forward with arms at the sides and palms to the front
Anatomical position
