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Anat/Phys > Lab practical -urinary > Flashcards

Lab practical -urinary Flashcards

1
Q

kidney function

A

excretion of nitrogenous wastes, toxins, and drugs from the blood

  • return of essential ions and fluid to the blood
  • kidneys also function in regulation of blood pressure, stimulation of Red Blood Cell production and Vit. D metabolism
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2
Q

kidney

A

functional organs of the excretory system

- other organs function only in transport and storage

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3
Q

location of kidney

A
  • retroperitoneal against posterior abdominal wall from the level of the 12th thoracic to 3rd lumbar vertebrae
  • the right is slightly lower than the left due to the liver
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4
Q

gross anatomy

A
  • bean shaped , convex lateral and concave medial surface
    -each about 6” long 2” wide 1” thick
  • weigh about 5 oz 150g
    -concave medial surface contains a hilus thru which the RENAL ARTERY and nerves enter and the RENAL VEINS, URETER, and lymphatics exit.
    the adrenal glands are on top pf kidneys
    -the connective tissue coverings of the kidneys are, from innermost
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5
Q

renal capsule

A

shiny, glistening, also lines renal sinus

-protects against pathogen entry

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6
Q

adipose capsule

A
  • fatty layer, insulates, protects against physical trauma
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7
Q

renal fascia

A
  • dense fibrous connective tissue surrounds both the kidney and adrenal glands
  • it anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures
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8
Q

internal anatomy of kidney

A
  • 3 regions: outside -in
    1) cortex
    2) medulla
    3) renal pelvis
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9
Q

cortex

A
  • is light granular
  • it is the glomerular area
  • BOWMNAN’S CAPSULES as well the PROXIMAL and DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES are located here
  • most of the LOOP OF HENLE of cortical nephrons is also located in this region
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10
Q

medulla

A
  • deep to the cortex

- it has striped appearance

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11
Q

pyramids

A
  • darker triangular areas
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12
Q

columns

A
  • white light striped between the pyramids
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13
Q

papilla

A

points of the pyramids

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14
Q

renal pelvis

A

each papilla points inward

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15
Q

ureter

A
  • renal pelvis is a large fan-shaped cavity continous
  • the pelvis is subdivides into 2 or 3 MAJOR CALYCES
  • each major calyx is divided into several MINOR CALYCES
  • the minor calyx encloses the papilla of one pyramid
  • collecting ducts from the pyramid drain into the minor calyx
  • the fluid that enters a minor calyx, is urine
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16
Q

Blood supply

A
  • the kidneys receive 1200 ml of blood per min
  • each kidney is served by a renal artery, which branches directly from the aorta
  • the kidneys are innervated by the renal plexus
17
Q

nephrons

A
  • over one million nephrons per kidney
  • the nephrons are the functional unit of the kidneys
  • each nephron consists of a set of urinary tubules and the capillary beds associated with it
18
Q

the capillaries are the….

A

glomerulus and the peritubular capillaries

19
Q

the urinary tubules consist of…

A

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE- LOOP OF HENLE- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE-COLLECTING DUCTS are tubules that receive the output of many nephrons, carrying that fluid down toward the renal pelvis. (minor calyx)

20
Q

2 capillary beds of a nephron

A

-glomerulus and the peritubular capillaries

21
Q

glomerulus

A
  • is a ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
  • it receives blood from the afferent arteriole and is drained by an efferent arteriole
  • the glomeruli are the only capillary beds of the body that can receive blood from and are drained by arterioles
22
Q

afferent arteriole

A
  • has greater diameter than the efferent, so flow slows and pressure rises as blood goes through the glomerulus
  • the pressure within the glomerulus results in an extremely high level of fluid filtration
  • ~180L of filtrate are formed in the kidneys each day, while only 3-4L are formed in all the rest of the body combined, however, of the 180L formed, about 178L are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries and thus returned to the blood stream
  • the remaining 2 are excreted in urine
  • the peritubular capillaries receive blood from the efferent arteriole and are drained by the interlobular veins
23
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A
  • point where cells of the ASCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE touch cells of the AFFERENT ARTERIOLE/
  • each nephron has 1
  • the loop of Henle cells here are tall and close together
  • they are called MACULA DENSA cells
  • they are responsive to chemical and osmotic stimuli
  • the cells of the afferent arteriole are called JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS
  • they are large, smooth muscle cells with RENIN containing granules- they respond to mechanical stimuli
24
Q

Ureters

A

transports urine to bladder

25
Q

Bladder

A

stores urine

26
Q

Urethra

A

transports urine to exterior , longer in males

Anat/Phys (15 decks)

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