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Anat/Phys > Lab Practical -digestive terms > Flashcards

Lab Practical -digestive terms Flashcards

digestive lab terms

1
Q

walls of hollow organs-inner to outer

A
  1. Mucosa (lining)
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
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2
Q

Mucosa (lining)

A
  • made of epithelium over a thin layer of connective tissue called the lamina propia
  • the digestive organs have a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa- the muscle layer pulls the lining into folds like the rugae of the stomach & plicae circularis of the sm. intestine
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3
Q

Submucosa

A
  • the submucosa is made of dense regular connective tissue
  • it is rich in blood, lymph, nerves.
  • it is often in digestive system, filled with glands
  • in digestive organs, the submucosal plexus, a network of nerves responsible for stimulating glandular secretion is found here
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4
Q

Muscularis Externa

A
  • AKA muscularis
  • 1+ layers of smooth muscle
  • in places along the tract, circular layer often thickens to form sphincters that act as valves to prevent backflow and control food passage between organs
  • in digestive system, the inner layer is circular and outer, longitudinal -in urinary-reverse
    *Stomach: 3 layers- oblique, circular, longitudinal
    Bladder: 3 layers- longitudinal, circular, longitudinal
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5
Q

Serosa or Adventitia

A
  • organs covered by serous membranes have serosa
  • those covered by connective tissue have adventitia
  • some organs, like the bladder + L.intestine, have a serosa in some areas and an adventitia in others
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6
Q

2 groups of organs in digestive system

A
  1. Alimentary canal

2. Accessory organs

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7
Q

Alimentary Canal

A
  • Mouth->Pharynx(oropharynx & laryngopharynx)-> esophagus-> stomach-> small intestine-> large intestine-> anus
  • AKA GI Tract
  • ~30’ long in a cadaver
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8
Q

Accessory organs

A
  • tongue
  • teeth
  • gall bladder
  • liver
  • pancreas
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9
Q

Mouth

A
  • oral cavity, buccal cav.
  • bounded by lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue
  • lining of stratified squamous epithelium
  • continuous w/ oropharynx through the fauces
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10
Q

tongue

A
  • made of intrinsic muscle (longitudinal, vertical, and transverse skeletal muscle fibers)
  • attached to bones of the skull or the soft palate by extrinsic muscle
  • intrinsic muscle change shape, extrinsic change position
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11
Q

Salivary glands

A
  • Extrinsic (Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual; all paired): secrete watery slaiva containing SALIVARY AMYLASE, which breaks down starch and glycogen, as well as mucus to help bind food particles and aid in swallowing
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12
Q

teeth

A
  • mammals have both primary (deciduous) and secondary ( permanent) teeth
  • 32 secondary teeth total; 16 on each jaw
  • per jaw front to back: 4 INCISORS( for biting), 2 CUSPID( for tearing), 4 BICUSPID & 6 MOLARS (for grinding)
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13
Q

enamel

A
  • hardest substance in body, covers outside of tooth

- enamel producing cells die when tooth erupts

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14
Q

dentin

A
  • protein-rich, bone-like material beneath enamel cap, forms bulk of tooth
  • new dentin formed throughout adult life
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15
Q

Pulp cavity

A
  • containing PULP
  • beneath the dentin , the pulp cavity contains the connective tissue, blood vessels and nerve fibers that supply the tooth
  • the pulp cavity extends into the ROOT, forming the ROOT CANAL
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16
Q

Pharynx

A

-common passage from mouth for food and air; the oropharynx and laryngopharynx play a role in food passage

17
Q

Esophagus

A
  • muscular tube, 10” long
  • muscosa- strat. squamous epithelium
  • the muscularis is a skeletal muscle for the upper third; a mix of the skeletal & smooth in the middle third, and entirely smooth in the inferior third
  • the esophagus has an adventitia
  • it is posterior to the trachea & heart, and passes through the diaphragm at the esophageal hiatus
  • the esophagus joins the stomach at the CARDIAC ORIFICE, which is guarded by the CARDIAC (GASTROESOPHAGEAL)SPINCTER
18
Q

Stomach

A
  • at the stomach, the digestive mucosa switches to simple columnar epithelium, rich in goblet cells. Thys type of epi. continues to the level of the anal canal, where there is a switch back to stratified sqaumous
  • J-shaped, 10” long
19
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A
  1. fundus
  2. cardia
  3. body
  4. pylorus
20
Q

2 stomach curvatures

A
  1. greater omentum- hangs from the greater curvature over the small intestine, then goes superiorly to wrap the transverse colon
  2. lesser omentum- runs from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver
21
Q

gastric pits

A
  • stomach:
  • in muscularis
  • deep pits that lead into gastric glands that produce gastric juice
  • cells in this area produce mucus to protect the stomach wall as well as HCl and digestive enzymes
22
Q

Gastric Ulcers

A
  • occur when the stomach wall becomes eroded
  • most ulcers are linked to eh presence of the acid-resistant bacteria “ Helicobacter pylori”, that destroy the mucosal layer in the stomach
23
Q

Small intestine

A
  • major digestive and absorptive organ
  • 20’ long in cadaver
  • 3 regions: Duodenum(1st 10”) , Jejunum(8’ long), Ileum(12’ long)
24
Q

Duodenum(1st 10”)

A
  • Hepato pancreatic ampulla enters here
  • the sphincter of Oddi controls it
  • the hepato pancreatic ampulla is formed by the covergence of the common bile duct from the liver and the pancreatic duct
25
Q

Ileum(12’ long)

A
  • it enters the L.intestine at the ileocecal valve
  • the sm. intestine is supported by the mesentary
  • mucosal folds of the sm. intestine are plicae circularis- these are finger-like projections called villi
  • at center of each 1mm high villus is a central lacteal + capillary beds
  • the villi are made, exteriorly of columnar epithelial cells- each of these cells has its membrane pleated into folds called MICROVILLI- these increase surface area to aid on absorption of digestive products
26
Q

Large Intestine

A

Regions are:
caecum-> ascending colon-> transverse colon-> descending colon->sigmoid colon->rectum-> anal canal
-contains goblet cells
* be able to label a diagram of L. intestine

27
Q

liver

A
  • largest internal organ
  • 4 lobes: right, left caudate, left caudate & quadrate
  • blood flow to and from the liver is from 2 sources: the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein
  • blood leaves the liver through hepatic vein
  • the bile ducts carry bile to the right and left hepatic ducts, which fuse to for the COMMON BILE DUCT
28
Q

Hexagonal lobules

A
  • functional units of the liver
  • at each six corners of the lobule is a triad
  • a triad consists of a branch of the hepatic artery, and the bile duct
29
Q

Pancreas

A
  • the pancreas is both exocrine and endocrine
  • the organ is tadpole-shaped and lies partially retroperitoneal, with its tail posterior to the spleen and stomach and its head in the curve of the duodenum
30
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A
  • in Pancreas

- functional endocrine units, these produce the hormones insulin and glucagon, which aid in metabolism of sugars

31
Q

Acini

A
  • in Pancreas
  • functional exocrine units are circular rings called acini
  • each acini empties into a interlobular duct, these ducts eventually converge to form the main pancreatic duct
32
Q

pancreatic juice

A
  • drained from hepatopancreatic ampulla into duodenum to aid in digestion
  • only exocrine units of the pancreas drain into the pancreatic duct, the endocrine secretions go directly into the blood

Anat/Phys (15 decks)

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