Lab practical- reproductive Flashcards
primary sex organs (gametes)
testes and ovaries
accessory sex organs
- reproductive ducts
- glands
- external genitalia
scrotum
- made of skin and superficial fascia, contains the testes and helps maintain the proper temp 3 degrees lower than body temp
- does this via the Dartos and Crematster-muscles respectively wrinkle and elevate the testes to reduce heat loss
testes
- covered by 2 tunics:
1. tunica vaginalis-outer double layer
2. tunica albugeinea- derived from the peritoneum /inner
myoid cells
located in the semiferous tubules, these cells contract rhythmically to help squeeze the sperm and testicular fluids out of testes
glans penis
the larger tip region of the penis
corpus spongiosum & corpora cavernosa
- 2 of 3 erectile tissues in the penis
- surrounds urethra and the paired corpora cavernosa, which make up most of the penis
Epididymis
- coiled 1.5 in long, uncoiled 20ft
- sperm created in the testes then travel for the next 20 days thru epididymis
- here, sperm become able to the swim
- sperm can be stored for several months in the epididymis, but if not ejaculated are phagocytized by epithelial cells
ductus deferens (Vas deferens)
- 18 inches long, this tube runs as part of the spermatic cord from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity, then over the bladder to terminate in the ampula where it joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
urethra
- carries urine and sperm to outside
3 regions:
1. prostatic urethra (surrounded by prostate)
2. membraneous urethra (in urogenital diaphragm)
3. spongy (penile) urethra running to the outside
seminal vesicles
located behind the bladder, these glands produce alkaline fluid containing the sugar fructose, ascorbic acid, the coagulating enzyme vesiculase & prostaglandins
-seminal vesicle fluid makes up about 70% of the volume of semen
prostate
- encircles urethra
- the pH of its secretion is slightly acidic and makes up about 30% of total volume of semen
Bulbourethral glands
- inferior to the prostate, these secrete mucus during sexual excitement to help lubricate the glans penis and neutralize acidic urine in the urethra before ejaculation
Ovaries
- 2X size almond
- held in place by:
1. ovarian ligament-anchors it to the uterus
2. suspensory ligament-anchors it to the pelvis wall and
3. mesovarium-suspends it in between
broad ligament
- suspensory ligament & mesovarium
- support the uterine tubules, uterus and vagina
tunica albuginea in female
- fibrous layer surrounds each ovary
- but no tunical vaginalis , like testes
cortex
outer layer of ovary
medulla
inner layer of ovary
Uterine (Fallopian ) Tubes or Oviducts
- the oviducts receive the ovulated oocyte and are the site where fertilization generally occurs
- parts of oviduct:
1. isthmus- connects the oviducts to the uterus
2. ampulla- area at the distal end of the tube where it curves around the ovary
3. Infundibulum- structure at the end of the ampulla that ends in ciliated fingerlike projections called FIBRIAE draping over the ovary
Uterus
-AKA womb, size + shape of a pear , but can expand greatly
Regions of uterus:
1. Body- major portion of uterus
2. Fundus- rounded region superior to the attachment to the oviducts
Cervix
- connected to the body by the ishmus -outlet projecting into the vagina
- the CERVICAL CANAL is connected to the uterus via the INTERNAL OS and the vagina via the EXTERNAL OS
Wall of uterus: from outermost to innermost
- perimetrium (peritoneum)
- myometrium (muscular layer that contracts during labor)
- endometrium (mucosal lining of the uterine cavity)
vagina
-organ , AKA birth canal, is the female organ of copulation -3-4 inches lone
vulva (pudendum)
includes all of the external genitalia
mons pubis
fatty area over the pubic symphasis
Labia majora
-run posteriorly from the mons pubis, these are the homologue to the male scrotum
labia minora
-withing labia majora, homologues W/ the ventral penis
vestibule
recessed are containing external openings of the urethra and vagina
greater vestibular glands
- flank the vaginal opening
- homologous to the bulbourethral glands in males, release mucus into the vestibule to keep it lubricated during intercourse
