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Biology Laboratory > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Total Magnification = ?

A

Ocular x Objective

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2
Q

4x objective lens is ______?

A

scanning

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3
Q

10x objective lens is ______?

A

low power

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4
Q

40x objective lens is ______?

A

high power

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5
Q

100x objective lens is ______?

A

oil immersion

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6
Q

As magnification increases the FOV will _________?

A

decrease

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7
Q

(Original FOV)(Original Magnification) =

A

(Final Measurements)(Final Magnification)

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8
Q

ANIMAL vs plant cell

A

no cell wall (only plasma membrane)
no chloroplasts
no central vacuole

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9
Q

PLANT CELLS vs animal cells

A

rigid cell wall surrounding cell membrane
have chloroplasts
have central vacuole

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10
Q

Which objective should you use the course focus knob?

A

4x

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11
Q

When moving from one objective to the next one should be able to the ______?

A

fine focus knob

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12
Q

What is the diaphragm of the microscope?

A

below the stage, used to improve the contrast

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13
Q

What are the 4 requirements for properly pitting away your microscope?

A
  1. always leave it on the 4x objective
  2. if you use oil wipe sense from the 100x objective
  3. place mechanical stage in the down position
  4. wrap cord
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14
Q

the average cell size is

A

17 micrometers

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15
Q

the average FOV for the 4x objective is?

A

3.0 mm

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16
Q

1 cm= x mm

A

10

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17
Q

1 mm= x um (micrometers)

A

1000

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18
Q

1 um = x nm (nanometers)

A

1000

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19
Q

1 nm = x A (angstrom units)

A

10

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20
Q

cell size =

A

FOV/#cells

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21
Q

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH =

A

H2O + CO2 + CH3OONa

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22
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A

NaHCO3

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23
Q

Acetic Acid

A

CH3COOH

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24
Q

What is the side reaction that occurs with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetic Acid react?

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) turn into Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

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25
Q

BTB turns ______ if the solution becomes more basic

A

yellow

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26
Q

What gas was collected in this experiment by mixing sodium bicarbonate and vinegar?

A

CO2

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27
Q

What color did the BTB turn after bubbling CO2 through ?

A

Yellow

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28
Q

What is the pH for a neutral solution?

A

7

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29
Q

Characteristics for a acidic solution?

A

less than 7

high H+ concentration

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30
Q

Characteristics for a neutral solution?

A

H+ = OH-
10 ^ -7 M
-log [10^-7] = 7

31
Q

Characteristics for a basic solution?

A

more than 7 pH

high OH- concentration

32
Q

what color did the vinegar reaction tube turn when the Phenol Red was added?

A

yellow

33
Q

what color did the test tube with water turn when Phneol Red was added?

A

red/pink

34
Q

BTB starts as blue and changes to ___ as a positive indicator of an acid (below pH 6)

A

yellow

35
Q

Phenol Red starts as red (pH 6.8-8.2) changes to _____ as a positive indicator of an acid (below 6.8) and changes to fuchsia as positive indicator of a base (above pH 8.2)

A

yellow

36
Q

Bromocresol Purple starts as purple changes to ____ as positive indicator of an acid (below pH 5.2)

A

yellow

37
Q

Moles to atoms

A

x mol (6.022 X 10^23 atoms/ 1 mole)

38
Q

Atoms to moles

A

x atoms (1 mol/6.022 x 10^23 atoms)

39
Q

General formula of carbohydrates

A

(CH2O)n

40
Q

Ratio of carbohydrates C:H:O

A

1:2:1

41
Q

solution

A

a liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

42
Q

sodium acetate atomic mass

A

82.0343 g/mol

43
Q

sodium citrate atomic mass

A

258.06 g/mol

44
Q

CARBOHYDRATES
monomer:
polymer:
bond:

A

monomer: monosaccharide (ex. simple sugars- glucose)
polymer: polysaccharide (ex. starch)
bond: carbon

45
Q

How to test for glucose? Positive and Negative indicator

A

Benedict Solution

positive: orange
negative: light blue

46
Q

How to test for Starch? Positive and Negative indicator

A

Lugol’s iodine solution
+ black
- orange hue

47
Q

How to test for proteins? Positive and Negative indicator

A

Buiret A and B
+ dark blue
- light blue

48
Q

How to test for Lipid? Positive and Negative indicator

A

Sudan IV
+ orange with bilayer
- clear with orange hue

49
Q

PROTEINS
monomer:
polymer:
bond:

A

monomer: amino acids
polymer: polypeptides (hemoglobin)
bond: peptide bonds

50
Q

What are the building sections of a typical amino acid?

A

CH: central hydrocarbon
NH2: amino group (basic)
COOH: carboxyl group (acidic)
R: functional side group

51
Q

Molecular Formula of Methane

A

CH4

52
Q

Molecular Formula of Glucose

A

C6H12O6

53
Q

Molecular Formula of Water

A

H2O

54
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

C2O

55
Q

Oxygen

A

O2

56
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

57
Q

Amino Acid

A

NH2CHRCOOH

58
Q

Triglyceride

A 
Glycerol backbone (C and H) 
Fatty Acids (C, H, O)
59
Q

Carbon will be what color in the model

A

black

60
Q

Hydrogen will be what color in the model

A

white

61
Q

Oxygen will be what color in the model

A

red

62
Q

Nitrogen will be what color in the model

A

blue

63
Q

Name and describe 3 bacteria you saw in lab?

A
  1. Bacillus look like sausage links
  2. Coccus look like those little metal magnets balls that stick together
  3. Spirillum look like some drug worm looking asses
64
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer other components are attached to the

A

glycerol backbone

65
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer, the polar head is made of a ______ _______ and paces outwards from the cell and inward toward the cytoplasm. may have a _______ molecule attached

A

phosphate group

choline

66
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer, the non polar tails are made out of fatty acid ______ _______ that are attached to a ________ by an ______ ______

A

fatty acid (hydrocarbon chains)
Glycerol molecule
ester bond

67
Q

In the phospholipid bilayer, the non polar tails are made out of fatty acid ______ _______ that are attached to a ________ by an ______ ______

A

fatty acid (hydrocarbon chains)
Glycerol molecule
ester bond

68
Q

Isotonic

A

equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell membrane

69
Q

hyperosmotic solutions/hypertonic solutions

A

higher concentrations of solutes outside than inside. causes water to leave cell

70
Q

hypoosmotic solutions/hypotonic solutions

A

lower concentration of solutes outside the cell. causes water to enter cell

71
Q

describe cells in hypertonic solutions. what are the special terms for these states in animal and plant cells?

A

in hypertonic solutions cells shrill because they do not have enough water

in plants= plasmalyzed
in animals= crenation (red blood cells)

72
Q

describe cells in hypotonic solutions. what are the special terms for these states in animals and plant cells?

A

in hypotonic cells swell

in plants the rigid cell wall allows cells to swell as vacuole grows called TURGID

in animals the plasma membrane is not strong enough and the cell bursts HEMOLYSIS

73
Q

In the experiment with the blood tubes what was removed from the tubes to access the blood pellets?

A

blood serum

Biology Laboratory (8 decks)

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