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Biology Laboratory > Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define enzyme

A

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

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2
Q

In the example given what is lactose?

A

substrate

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3
Q

What is the first step of the enzyme function diagram

A
  1. enzyme and substrate are available
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4
Q

What is step two of the enzyme function diagram?

A
  1. Substrate binds to enzyme
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5
Q

What is it called when the enzyme binds to the substrate

A

enzyme-substrate complex

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6
Q

What happens after the enzyme binds to the substrate? Use the example given

A

The products are released which in this case are glucose and galactose

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7
Q

What happens after products are released?

A

The enzyme is free to catalyze another reaction

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8
Q

What is added to the enzymatic system during the same step that the products are released

A

H20

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9
Q

What is an active site?

A

a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction

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10
Q

What kind of protein are enzymes?

A

globular

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11
Q

Why do enzymes work? What

A

because of their unique shapes

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12
Q

each type of chemical reaction in a living organism is mediated by a specific enzyme. T or F?

A

T

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13
Q

What are the two functions of enzymes in regards to their interactions with substrates

A
  1. break apart

2. bring together to form new substrate

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14
Q

Enzymes are one time use. T or F?

A

F

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15
Q

Enzymes can catalyze ______ of reactions per second

A

1000s

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16
Q

What is an enzymes turn over rate

A

the amount of times an enzymes can catalyze a reaction before being used up

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17
Q

What is the relationship between an uncatalyzed reaction and a catalyzed one?

A

Uncatalyzed reaction require higher activation energy

18
Q

What is the difference between the free energy when comparing uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions

A

there is no difference

19
Q

What is the course of the enzyme reaction

A

reactants turn into reactant enzyme complex turn into products + enzymes

20
Q

What is the example of an oxidative agent given

A

hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

what is an oxidative agent

A

a substance that tends to bring about oxidation by being reduced and gaining electrons.

22
Q

how do organisms mitigate the damage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

A

specialized organelles called peroxisomes contain an enzyme that make H2O2 harmless

23
Q

What is catalase

A

the enzymes that mitigates the damage of H2O@ in animals and protists

24
Q

What is the plant version of catalase

A

peroxidase

25
Q

the turn over rate for catalase is high. T or F?

A

T

26
Q

How does catalase work

A

it binds then converts H2O2 into water and O2 (g)?

27
Q

What is the relationship between increasing the enzyme concentration and the effectiveness of the enzyme?

A

As you increase the amount of enzyme it will increase the effectiveness until there are enough enzymes for every substrate?

28
Q

What temperature was prime for the reaction?

A

25-30 C

29
Q

What pH was prime for this reaction?

A

7

30
Q

What was the oxidative agent of the reaction?

A

H2O2

31
Q

What is the enzyme of the reaction?

A

yeast

32
Q

What are the products of this reaction?

A

2 H2O and O2 (gas)

33
Q

At what temperature was the rate of enzyme activity the lowest?

A

60 C (REALLY HOT)

34
Q

Before its saturation point what is the relationship between enzyme concentration increase and O2 production?

A

they are proportional

35
Q

How many drops of enzyme saturated the substrate concentration?

A

20

36
Q

When testing for variation in enzyme concentration, what was H2O2 mixed with before adding the enzyme?

A

water

37
Q

What are the three ways to measure chemical reaction rate?

A
  1. amount of product created
  2. amount of substrate used
  3. pressure created by gas
38
Q

What is the INITIAL RATE (regarding the O2 gas detector slope)?

A

The initial accumulation of O2 gas

39
Q

Explain what the graph of O2 detection will look like and why these trends appear.

A
  1. steady value (the O2 in the air before O2 is released by experiment)
  2. Sudden increase at a constant rate (initial rate)
  3. Slowly levels off (decreased rate due to decrease in concentration of peroxide)
40
Q

T or F? Acidic environments are more effective inhibitors of peroxidase activity than basic environments.

A

T

41
Q

What is pH level will reduce the rate of enzymatic activity the most?

A

Acidic

Biology Laboratory (8 decks)

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